Lawlor Rob
Inter-Disciplinary Ethics Applied CETL (Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning) at the University of Leeds.
Bioethics. 2014 May;28(4):194-202. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12000. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
In many cases, claims that a transaction is exploitative will focus on the details of the transaction, such as the price paid or conditions. For example, in a claim that a worker is exploited, the grounds for the claim are usually that the pay is not sufficient or the working conditions too dangerous. In some cases, however, the claim that a transaction is exploitative is not seen to rely on these finer details. Many, for example, claim that organ sales would be exploitative, in a way that doesn't seem to depend on the details. This article considers, but ultimately rejects, a number of arguments which could be used to defend this sort of claim.
在许多情况下,关于某一交易具有剥削性的主张会聚焦于交易细节,比如所支付的价格或条件。例如,在声称一名工人受到剥削的主张中,该主张的依据通常是薪酬不足或工作条件过于危险。然而,在某些情况下,关于某一交易具有剥削性的主张并非依赖于这些更细微的细节。例如,许多人声称器官买卖具有剥削性,而这似乎并不取决于细节。本文考虑了一些可用于为这类主张辩护的论据,但最终予以了否定。