Kansal Ankur, Siddiqui Nihalanwar, Gautam Ashutosh
Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board, E-115, Nehru Colony, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
J Environ Sci Eng. 2011 Apr;53(2):203-18.
Pulp and paper industries generate varieties of complex organic and inorganic pollutants depending upon the type of the pulping process. A state-of-art of treatment processes and efficiencies of various wastewater treatment is presented and critically reviewed in this paper. Process description, source of wastewater and their treatment is discussed in detail. Main emphasis is given to aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment. In pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment aerobic treatment includes activated sludge process, aerated lagoons and aerobic biological reactors. UASB, fluidized bed, anaerobic lagoon and anaerobic contact reactors are the main technologies for anaerobic wastewater treatment. It is found that the combination of anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes is much efficient in the removal of soluble biodegradable organic pollutants. Color can be removed effectively by fungal treatment, coagulation, chemical oxidation, and ozonation. Chlorinated phenolic compounds and adsorable organic halides (AOX) can be efficiently reduced by adsorption, ozonation and membrane filtration techniques.
制浆造纸工业根据制浆工艺的类型会产生各种复杂的有机和无机污染物。本文介绍并严格审查了各种废水处理工艺的现状及其效率。详细讨论了工艺描述、废水来源及其处理方法。主要重点是好氧和厌氧废水处理。在制浆造纸厂废水处理中，好氧处理包括活性污泥法、曝气塘和好氧生物反应器。上流式厌氧污泥床、流化床、厌氧塘和厌氧接触反应器是厌氧废水处理的主要技术。研究发现，厌氧和好氧处理工艺相结合在去除可溶性可生物降解有机污染物方面效率更高。通过真菌处理、混凝、化学氧化和臭氧化可以有效去除颜色。通过吸附、臭氧化和膜过滤技术可以有效减少氯代酚类化合物和可吸附有机卤化物（AOX）。
