Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2012 Aug;115(1):241-60. doi: 10.2466/26.06.25.PMS.115.4.241-260.
The kinematics of children's walking are nearly adult-like by about age 3-4 years, but metabolic efficiency of walking does not reach adult values until late in adolescence or early adulthood, perhaps due to higher coactivation of agonist/antagonist muscle pairs in adolescents. Additionally, it is unknown how use of a body weight-supported treadmill device affects coactivation, but because unloading will alter the activity of anti-gravity muscles, it was hypothesized that muscle coactivation will be altered as well. Muscle coactivation during treadmill walking was evaluated for adolescents (ages 10 to 17 years, M = 13.2, SD = 2.2) and adults (ages 22 to 35 years, M = 25.2, SD = 4.3), for thigh muscles (vastus lateralis/biceps femoris) and lower leg muscles (tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius). Conditions included body weight unloadings from nearly 0% to 80% of body weight, while walking at a preferred speed (self-selected, overground speed) or a reduced speed. Unloading was accomplished using a lower body positive pressure support system. Coactivation was found to be higher in adolescents than in adults, but only for the lower leg muscles.
儿童的步行运动学在大约 3-4 岁时就已经接近成人，但步行的代谢效率直到青春期后期或成年早期才达到成人水平，这可能是由于青少年中更多的协同激活作用。此外，使用体重支持跑步机设备如何影响协同激活尚不清楚，但由于卸载会改变抗重力肌肉的活动，因此假设肌肉协同激活也会发生改变。评估了青少年（年龄 10 至 17 岁，M = 13.2，SD = 2.2）和成年人（年龄 22 至 35 岁，M = 25.2，SD = 4.3）在跑步机上行走时的肌肉协同激活情况，包括大腿肌肉（股外侧肌/股二头肌）和小腿肌肉（胫骨前肌/比目鱼肌）。条件包括从接近 0%到 80%的体重卸载，同时以自选择的、地面上的速度（自我选择的、地面上的速度）或降低的速度行走。卸载是通过使用下体正压支撑系统来完成的。协同激活在青少年中比在成年人中更高，但仅在小腿肌肉中。
