Dervaux Alain, Laqueille Xavier
Centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, service d'addictologie Moreau-de-Tours, 75014 Paris, France.
Presse Med. 2012 Dec;41(12 Pt 1):1233-40. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Oct 5.
The main characteristics of cannabis dependence are craving, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use and important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of cannabis use. Withdrawal symptoms include insomnia, irritability, anger, restlessness, depression, mood swings and cravings. Regular cannabis use induces cognitive impairment, especially of attention, episodic memory and working memory. Alcohol and other substances abuse or dependence are frequently found in patients with cannabis dependence. Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent in patients with cannabis dependence, in particular anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. The treatment of cannabis dependence includes behavioral psychotherapy, especially motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy, alongside treatment of co-occurring mental health and substance use conditions. There are currently no available pharmacological treatment interventions for cannabis dependence. The treatment of cannabis dependence and withdrawal remains nonspecific.
大麻依赖的主要特征包括渴望、持续的欲望或减少或控制大麻使用的努力未成功，以及因使用大麻而放弃或减少重要的社交、职业或娱乐活动。戒断症状包括失眠、易怒、愤怒、烦躁不安、抑郁、情绪波动和渴望。经常使用大麻会导致认知障碍，尤其是注意力、情景记忆和工作记忆方面。大麻依赖患者中经常发现酒精和其他物质滥用或依赖。大麻依赖患者常伴有精神疾病共病，特别是焦虑症、情绪障碍和人格障碍。大麻依赖的治疗包括行为心理治疗，尤其是动机性访谈和认知行为疗法，同时治疗并发的心理健康和物质使用状况。目前尚无针对大麻依赖的可用药物治疗干预措施。大麻依赖和戒断的治疗仍然缺乏特异性。
