Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013 Jun;39(3):745-56. doi: 10.1037/a0030112. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
Flanker congruency effects were measured in a masked flanker task to assess the properties of spatial attention during conscious and nonconscious processing of form, color, and conjunctions of these features. We found that (1) consciously and nonconsciously processed colored shape distractors (i.e., flankers) produce flanker congruency effects; (2) these congruency effects decrease with increasing separation between the probe and the flanking stimuli; (3) this decrease occurs even when flankers are suppressed from awareness; and (4) regardless of whether the form, color, or conjunction of these features have to be attended. Importantly, (5) flanker congruency effects decrease at nearly comparable rates when flankers are visible or masked, which suggests that for separate and conjoint features (i.e., objects), the gradient of spatial attention at the conscious and nonconscious levels of processing is almost identical, with the possibility of a slightly broader gradient for nonconsciously processed visual information.
在掩蔽的侧抑制任务中测量了侧翼一致性效应，以评估在有意识和无意识地处理形状、颜色和这些特征的组合时，空间注意的属性。我们发现：(1)有意识和无意识地处理彩色形状干扰物（即侧翼）会产生侧翼一致性效应；(2) 这些一致性效应随着探针和侧翼刺激之间的分离增加而减小；(3) 即使侧翼被抑制在意识之外，这种减少仍然会发生；(4) 无论是否要注意这些特征的形状、颜色还是组合。重要的是，(5) 当侧翼可见或被掩蔽时，侧翼一致性效应以几乎相同的速度减小，这表明对于单独和联合的特征（即物体），在有意识和无意识处理水平上的空间注意梯度几乎相同，对于无意识处理的视觉信息，可能有一个稍微更宽的梯度。
