Emmy Noether Research Group and Institute of Pathology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Int J Cancer. 2013 Jun 15;132(12):2721-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27901. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
Low levels of oxygen or hypoxia is often an obstacle in health, particularly in pathological disorders like cancer. The main family of transcription factors responsible for cell survival and adaptation under strenuous conditions of hypoxia are the "hypoxia-inducible factors" (HIFs). Together with prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs), HIFs regulates tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, in addition to resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, the entire HIF transcription cascade is involved in the "seventh" hallmark of cancer; inflammation. Studies have shown that hypoxia can influence tumor associated immune cells toward assisting in tumor proliferation, differentiation, vessel growth, distant metastasis and suppression of the immune response via cytokine expression alterations. These changes are not necessarily analogous to HIF's role in non-cancer immune responses, where hypoxia often encourages a strong inflammatory response.
低氧水平或缺氧通常是健康的障碍，特别是在癌症等病理疾病中。负责细胞在缺氧等恶劣条件下生存和适应的主要转录因子家族是“缺氧诱导因子”（HIFs）。HIFs 与脯氨酰羟化酶结构域酶（PHDs）一起，调节肿瘤血管生成、增殖、侵袭、转移，以及对放疗和化疗的耐药性。此外，整个 HIF 转录级联反应都涉及到“第七个”癌症标志；炎症。研究表明，缺氧可以通过细胞因子表达的改变影响肿瘤相关免疫细胞，从而促进肿瘤增殖、分化、血管生长、远处转移和抑制免疫反应。这些变化与 HIF 在非癌症免疫反应中的作用并不完全相似，在非癌症免疫反应中，缺氧通常会引起强烈的炎症反应。
