Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
Exp Neurobiol. 2012 Sep;21(3):123-8. doi: 10.5607/en.2012.21.3.123. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
To date, numerous case-control studies have shown the complexity of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In terms of genetic factors, several susceptibility genes are known to contribute to the development of PD, including α-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and glucocerebrosidase (GBA). In addition, numerous recent epidemiological studies have shown that several environmental factors are either risk factors for PD or protective factors against PD. Risk factors identified include herbicides and pesticides (e.g., paraquat, rotenone, and maneb), metals (e.g., manganese and lead), head trauma, and well water. In contrast, smoking and coffee/caffeine consumption are known to be protective against PD. A recent finding in this field is that environmental-genetic interactions contribute more to the pathogenesis of PD than do genetic factors or environmental factors alone. In this review, I will discuss how these interactions promote the development of PD.
迄今为止，大量的病例对照研究表明帕金森病（PD）的发病机制非常复杂。就遗传因素而言，已知有几个易感基因会导致 PD 的发生，包括α-突触核蛋白（SNCA）、富亮氨酸重复激酶 2（LRRK2）和葡萄糖脑苷脂酶（GBA）。此外，大量最近的流行病学研究表明，一些环境因素既是 PD 的危险因素，也是 PD 的保护因素。已确定的危险因素包括除草剂和杀虫剂（如百草枯、鱼藤酮和代森锰）、金属（如锰和铅）、头部外伤和井水。相比之下，吸烟和咖啡/咖啡因摄入被认为可预防 PD。这一领域的一个最新发现是，环境-遗传相互作用对 PD 的发病机制的影响大于遗传因素或环境因素单独的影响。在这篇综述中，我将讨论这些相互作用如何促进 PD 的发展。
