Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Radiographics. 2012 Oct;32(6):1621-39; discussion 1640-2. doi: 10.1148/rg.326125512.
Ultrasonography (US) is typically the first study to be requested in patients with clinical findings that may suggest pelvic disease. The evaluation of adnexal masses is a common component of the sonologist's workload, and US has been shown to be accurate for both detecting and characterizing these masses, most of which are either insignificant or benign and therefore require little or no follow-up. Recognition of the most common benign ovarian and extraovarian adnexal masses should help avoid additional or unnecessary imaging. US features that suggest malignancy include thick septations, vascularized solid components, or areas of focal wall thickening, and identifying these features will result in timely management. Indeterminate-appearing masses demonstrate atypical features and cannot easily be classified as definitely either benign or malignant. Proper reporting and management recommendations serve to alleviate both patient anxiety and physician misinterpretation. Knowledge of these recommendations and of the characteristic US features of benign, malignant, and indeterminate adnexal masses can serve as important guidelines for patient management.
超声检查（US）通常是临床发现可能提示盆腔疾病的患者首先要求进行的检查。附件包块的评估是超声科医生工作的常见内容，超声检查已被证明可准确检测和描述这些包块，其中大多数为无意义或良性，因此无需或只需少量随访。认识最常见的良性卵巢和卵巢外附件包块有助于避免额外或不必要的影像学检查。提示恶性的 US 特征包括厚分隔、血管丰富的实性成分或局灶性壁增厚区域，识别这些特征将有助于及时进行管理。表现不确定的包块显示出非典型特征，不易明确分类为良性或恶性。正确的报告和管理建议有助于减轻患者的焦虑和医生的误解。了解这些建议以及良性、恶性和不确定附件包块的典型 US 特征可以作为患者管理的重要指南。
