Lang Pierre Olivier, Samaras Dimitrios, Samaras Nikolaos, Govind Sheila, Aspinall Richard
Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Medical school and University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1226 Thônex-Geneva, Switzerland ; Translational Medicine Research Group, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
Influenza Res Treat. 2011;2011:419216. doi: 10.1155/2011/419216. Epub 2012 Jan 29.
At the start of the 21st century, seasonal influenza virus infection is still a major public health concern across the world. The recent body of evidence confirms that trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIVs) are not optimal within the population who account for approximately 90% of all influenza-related death: elderly and chronically ill individuals regardless of age. With the ever increasing aging of the world population and the recent fears of any pandemic influenza rife, great efforts and resources have been dedicated to developing more immunogenic vaccines and strategies for enhancing protection in these higher-risk groups. This paper describes the mechanisms that shape immune response at the extreme ages of life and how they have been taken into account to design more effective immunization strategies for these vulnerable populations. Furthermore, consideration will be given to how herd immunity may provide an effective strategy in preventing the burden of seasonal influenza infection within the aged population.
在21世纪初，季节性流感病毒感染仍是全球主要的公共卫生问题。最近的一系列证据证实，对于占所有流感相关死亡人数约90%的人群（老年人以及无论年龄大小的慢性病患者）而言，三价灭活流感疫苗（TIVs）并非最佳选择。随着世界人口老龄化的不断加剧以及近期对任何大流行性流感盛行的担忧，人们投入了大量精力和资源来研发免疫原性更强的疫苗以及增强这些高危人群保护的策略。本文描述了在生命的极端年龄阶段塑造免疫反应的机制，以及在为这些弱势群体设计更有效的免疫策略时如何考虑这些机制。此外，还将探讨群体免疫如何能成为预防老年人群季节性流感感染负担的有效策略。
