Department of Psychology (KW), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Mar;37(3):529-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01950.x. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
Alcohol craving, defined as the subjective experience of an urge or desire to use alcohol, has been identified in numerous settings as a significant predictor of alcohol use and alcohol relapse following treatment for alcohol use disorders. Yet, numerous limitations to the conceptualization and measurement of drinking temptation have led many researchers to question whether self-reported drinking temptation is a useful construct for evaluating treatments for alcohol use disorders.
Secondary analyses of data from Project MATCH, a multisite randomized clinical trial, were conducted to examine the association between a single-item measure of self-reported "temptation to drink" and drinking outcomes. The first goal was to determine whether temptation to drink changed during the course of treatment for alcohol dependence. The second goal was to assess the predictive validity of temptation to drink, assessed during the fourth session of treatment, as a predictor of past 30-day drinking rates and past 90-day drinking-related consequences at 1 and 3 years following treatment.
The temptation to drink decreased significantly during treatment, and self-reported temptation to drink during the fourth session of treatment was significantly associated with numerous drinking outcomes (including quantity, frequency, and consequences) at 1 year posttreatment (R = 0.04 to 0.11) and number of drinks per drinking day at 3 years following treatment (R = 0.02). A dichotomous measure of temptation to drink (not at all tempted vs. all other levels of temptation) had greater sensitivity as a predictor of drinking outcomes at 1 and 3 years posttreatment than alternative drinking measures (e.g., any drinking, any heavy drinking days) assessed during treatment.
A single-item measure of temptation to drink was a reasonable predictor of short- and long-term drinking outcomes following treatment and comparable to commonly used measures of drinking outcomes for alcohol clinical trials.
在许多环境中，酒精渴望被定义为使用酒精的冲动或欲望的主观体验，被认为是酒精使用和酒精使用障碍治疗后复发的重要预测因素。然而，由于对饮酒诱惑的概念化和测量存在诸多限制，许多研究人员质疑自我报告的饮酒诱惑是否是评估酒精使用障碍治疗的有用构建。
对 Project MATCH 的数据进行二次分析，这是一项多地点随机临床试验，以检查单一项目衡量自我报告的“饮酒诱惑”与饮酒结果之间的关联。第一个目标是确定在治疗酒精依赖期间，饮酒诱惑是否会发生变化。第二个目标是评估治疗第四疗程期间评估的饮酒诱惑的预测效度，作为治疗后 1 年和 3 年过去 30 天饮酒率和过去 90 天与饮酒相关后果的预测因子。
在治疗过程中，饮酒诱惑明显下降，治疗第四疗程期间的自我报告饮酒诱惑与许多饮酒结果（包括数量、频率和后果）在治疗后 1 年（R = 0.04 至 0.11）和治疗后 3 年（R = 0.02）的每天饮酒量显著相关。饮酒诱惑的二分度量表（一点也不诱惑与其他所有诱惑水平）作为治疗期间评估的其他饮酒措施（例如任何饮酒、任何大量饮酒天数）的预测因子，对 1 年和 3 年后的饮酒结果具有更高的敏感性。
一项单一项目的饮酒诱惑衡量标准是治疗后短期和长期饮酒结果的合理预测指标，与酒精临床试验中常用的饮酒结果衡量标准相当。
