National Institutes of Health, NINDS, 6001 Executive Blvd. NSC, Room 2177, MSC 9527, Bethesda, MD 20892-9527, United States.
Neurotoxicology. 2012 Dec;33(6):1473-1475. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
Seizurogenic chemicals include a variety of toxic agents, including chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, and natural toxins. Chemical weapons such as sarin and VX, and pesticides such as parathion and carbaryl cause hyperstimulation of cholinergic receptors and an increase in excitatory neurotransmission. Glutamatergic hyperstimulation can occur after exposure to excitatory amino acid toxins such as the marine toxin domoic acid. Other pesticides such as lindane and strychnine do not affect excitatory neurotransmission directly, but rather, they block the inhibitory regulation of neurotransmission by antagonism of inhibitory GABA and glycine synapses. In this paper, chemicals that cause seizures by a variety of molecular mechanisms and pathways are discussed.
致痉性化学品包括多种毒性物质，如化学战剂、有毒工业化学品和天然毒素。沙林和 VX 等化学武器以及对硫磷和carbaryl 等杀虫剂会导致胆堿能受体过度兴奋，并增加兴奋性神经递质传递。暴露于兴奋性氨基酸毒素（如海洋毒素软骨藻酸）后，谷氨酸能过度兴奋也会发生。其他杀虫剂，如林丹和士的宁，并不直接影响兴奋性神经递质传递，而是通过拮抗抑制性 GABA 和甘氨酸突触来阻断神经递质传递的抑制调节。本文讨论了通过多种分子机制和途径引起癫痫发作的化学品。
