Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
J Sci Med Sport. 2013 Jul;16(4):320-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.07.008. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
This study sought to assess differences in attraction to physical activity, perceived physical competence and parental socialization influences across gender, body mass index and socioeconomic status in Portuguese children.
Cross-sectional study.
683 children, aged 8-10 years, from elementary schools were participants. Attraction to physical activity, perceived physical competence, parental socialization influences and socioeconomic status were assessed via standardized questionnaires. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was calculated using body mass index, based on the international cut-off points. MANOVA and ANOVA models were conducted.
Boys reported greater enjoyment of games and sports participation than did girls. Boys and normal-weight children perceived themselves as being more successful and physically competent than did girls and obese children. Normal-weight girls enjoyed participation in vigorous physical activity more than did overweight and obese girls. Obese children felt less accepted by their peers in games and sports than did normal-weight and overweight children. High and medium socioeconomic status children perceived physical activity participation as of greater importance than did low-socioeconomic status children. High-socioeconomic status girls reported greater liking of the exertional aspects of physical activity compared to low socioeconomic status girls. High socioeconomic status children were more likely to perceive their parents as positive role models and perceived that they had greater enjoyment of physical activity than did lower socioeconomic status children.
These results suggest that physical activity promotion interventions should focus on girls, obese children and lower socioeconomic status children as these individuals tend to have lower levels of attraction to physical activity, lower perceived physical competence and less parent physical activity support, which puts them at greater risk of being physically inactive.
本研究旨在评估葡萄牙儿童在性别、体重指数和社会经济地位方面对身体活动的吸引力、感知身体能力和父母社会化影响的差异。
横断面研究。
共有 683 名 8-10 岁的小学生参与了这项研究。通过标准化问卷评估了对身体活动的吸引力、感知身体能力、父母社会化影响和社会经济地位。使用基于国际临界值的体重指数计算超重和肥胖的患病率。进行了 MANOVA 和 ANOVA 模型分析。
男孩比女孩更喜欢游戏和运动参与。男孩和正常体重儿童比女孩和肥胖儿童自我感觉更成功和身体能力更强。正常体重女孩比超重和肥胖女孩更喜欢剧烈的身体活动参与。肥胖儿童在游戏和运动中比正常体重和超重儿童更不受同伴欢迎。高和中社会经济地位的孩子比低社会经济地位的孩子认为身体活动参与更重要。高社会经济地位的女孩比低社会经济地位的女孩更倾向于喜欢身体活动的费力方面。高社会经济地位的孩子更有可能将父母视为积极的榜样，并且认为他们比低社会经济地位的孩子更享受身体活动。
这些结果表明，身体活动促进干预措施应针对女孩、肥胖儿童和社会经济地位较低的儿童，因为这些人对身体活动的吸引力较低，感知身体能力较低，父母对身体活动的支持较少，这使他们更容易不活跃。
