Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
Biochimie. 2013 Apr;95(4):667-79. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
Based on the results of research conducted over last two decades, lysophospholipids (LPLs) were observed to be not only structural components of cellular membranes but also biologically active molecules influencing a broad variety of processes such as carcinogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, vascular development or regulation of metabolic diseases. With a growing interest in the involvement of extracellular lysophospholipids in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that those small molecules may have therapeutic potential. While lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been studied in detail, other LPLs such as lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) or even lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have not been elucidated to such a high degree. Although information concerning the latter LPLs is sparse as compared to LPA and S1P, within the last couple of years much progress has been made. Recently published data suggest that these compounds may regulate fundamental cellular activities by modulating multiple molecular targets, e.g. by binding to specific receptors and/or altering the structure and fluidity of lipid rafts. Therefore, the present review is devoted to novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids and recent findings concerning their functions and possible signaling pathways regulating physiological and pathological processes.
基于过去二十年的研究结果，溶血磷脂（LPLs）不仅被观察到是细胞膜的结构组成部分，而且还是具有生物活性的分子，影响着广泛的各种过程，如癌变、神经发生、免疫、血管发育或代谢疾病的调节。随着对外泌体溶血磷脂在正常生理和病理中的参与的兴趣日益增加，显然这些小分子可能具有治疗潜力。虽然溶血磷脂酸（LPA）和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（S1P）已经被详细研究，但其他 LPLs，如溶血磷脂酰甘油（LPG）、溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸（LPS）、溶血磷脂酰肌醇（LPI）、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺（LPE）甚至溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）尚未被如此高程度地阐明。尽管与 LPA 和 S1P 相比，关于后一种 LPLs 的信息很少，但在过去几年中已经取得了很大进展。最近发表的数据表明，这些化合物可以通过调节多种分子靶标，例如通过与特定受体结合和/或改变脂质筏的结构和流动性，来调节基本的细胞活动。因此，本综述专门讨论新型生物活性甘油基溶血磷脂及其最近关于它们的功能和可能的信号通路的发现，这些通路调节生理和病理过程。
