Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza, Meneghel Stela Nazareth, Cavalcante Fátima Gonçalves
Centro Latino Americano de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Carelli, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2012 Oct;17(10):2665-74. doi: 10.1590/s1413-81232012001000016.
This paper assesses the suicide of elderly men in Brazil. The text is based on studies of gender and masculinity and emphasizes the sense of "hegemonic masculinity" within the logic of patriarchalism that, in the case of suicide, is expressed in the loss of employment as an existential reference and as a loss of honor. The study includes 40 cases of men over 60 who committed suicide between 2007 and 2010 in ten districts of the country. Using the psychosocial autopsy technique, data were collected and analyzed from their history and lifestyle; evaluation of the background to the act; the impact on their families; lethality of the method; proximity to sources of support; previous attempts; mental status which preceded the act; reaction of families and communities. Although many factors are associated with self-inflicted death in this social group, the influence of a hegemonic masculinity culture in the predominance of suicides among elderly men compared with elderly women is undeniable. It is essential to give special attention to men at the moment of transition from working life to retirement, loss or important family members, and when they are diagnosed with chronic and degenerative diseases that cause disabilities, loss of autonomy or sexual impotence.
本文评估了巴西老年男性的自杀情况。本文基于对性别和男子气概的研究，强调了父权制逻辑中的“霸权男子气概”观念，在自杀案例中，这种观念表现为失去作为生存参照的工作以及荣誉的丧失。该研究涵盖了2007年至2010年间在该国十个地区自杀的40例60岁以上男性。运用心理社会尸检技术，从他们的病史和生活方式、对自杀行为背景的评估、对其家庭的影响、自杀方法的致死性、与支持来源的接近程度、既往自杀未遂情况、自杀行为发生前的精神状态、家庭和社区的反应等方面收集并分析了数据。尽管在这个社会群体中，许多因素与自杀死亡有关，但霸权男子气概文化对老年男性自杀率高于老年女性的影响是不可否认的。在男性从工作生活过渡到退休、失去重要家庭成员以及被诊断患有导致残疾、失去自主能力或性功能障碍的慢性退行性疾病时，必须给予他们特别关注。
