Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jan;91(1):174-87. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5442. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
Increased plasma NEFA concentrations and compromised immune responses are associated with increased disease susceptibility during farrowing and lactation. Increased plasma NEFA concentrations cause changes in the fatty acid (FA) content of plasma lipid fractions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that could modify inflammatory responses. The goals of this study were to describe changes in plasma lipid composition and to characterize the FA content and proinflammatory phenotype of PBMC in periparturient and lactating sows. Blood samples from 10 sows were collected at 2 wk prefarrow, at 2 d after farrowing (hereafter referred to as farrowing), and at 18 d of lactation (hereafter referred to as lactation). Total lipids and lipid fractions were extracted from plasma and PBMC. Isolated PBMC also were assessed for gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis using quantitative PCR. The FA profile of plasma NEFA, phospholipids, neutral lipids, and PBMC phospholipids differed from the composition of total lipids in plasma. At farrowing and lactation, the proportion of palmitic and stearic acids increased (P<0.05) in the plasma NEFA and phospholipid fractions in comparison with prefarrowing concentrations. At the same time, the concentration of palmitic and linoleic acids increased (P<0.05) in the PBMC phospholipid fraction. Omega-3 FA, including docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, increased (P<0.05) at farrowing in plasma and PBMC phospholipids compared with prefarrowing and lactation. Gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) decreased (P<0.05) after farrowing and in lactation. Similarly, cyclooxygenase expression was reduced during lactation when compared with farrowing (P<0.05). This study demonstrated changes in FA composition of serum lipid fractions and PBMC cellular membranes. Furthermore, it provided an initial assessment of inflammatory responses in mononuclear cells as a function of plasma and PBMC content of saturated and omega-3 FA. Future studies need to address the effect of increased NEFA concentrations, the main hallmark of lipid mobilization, and changes in plasma and cellular lipid profiles on immune function.
血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度升高和免疫反应受损与分娩和哺乳期疾病易感性增加有关。血浆 NEFA 浓度升高导致血浆脂质部分和外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中脂肪酸（FA）含量发生变化，从而改变炎症反应。本研究的目的是描述血浆脂质组成的变化，并描述围产期和哺乳期母猪 PBMC 的 FA 含量和促炎表型。从 10 头母猪采集血液样本，分别在产前 2 周（简称产前）、分娩后 2 天（简称分娩后）和哺乳期 18 天（简称哺乳期）采集。从血浆和 PBMC 中提取总脂质和脂质部分。还使用定量 PCR 评估分离的 PBMC 中参与脂质介质生物合成的促炎细胞因子和酶的基因表达。血浆 NEFA、磷脂、中性脂质和 PBMC 磷脂的 FA 谱与血浆总脂质的组成不同。在分娩和哺乳期，与产前浓度相比，血浆 NEFA 和磷脂部分中棕榈酸和硬脂酸的比例增加（P<0.05）。与此同时，棕榈酸和亚油酸在 PBMC 磷脂部分的浓度增加（P<0.05）。与产前和哺乳期相比，在分娩时，ω-3 FA，包括二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸，在血浆和 PBMC 磷脂中增加（P<0.05）。分娩后和哺乳期，IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）的基因表达减少（P<0.05）。同样，与分娩时相比，哺乳期时环氧化酶的表达减少（P<0.05）。本研究表明了血清脂质部分和 PBMC 细胞膜 FA 组成的变化。此外，它初步评估了单核细胞的炎症反应作为血浆和 PBMC 中饱和和 ω-3 FA 含量的函数。未来的研究需要解决增加的 NEFA 浓度的影响，这是脂质动员的主要标志，以及血浆和细胞脂质谱的变化对免疫功能的影响。
