Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2013 Jun;22(11):2884-97. doi: 10.1111/mec.12081. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
Global climate change is projected to accelerate during the next century, altering oceanic patterns in temperature, pH and oxygen concentrations. Documenting patterns of genetic adaptation to these variables in locations that currently experience geographic variation in them is an important tool in understanding the potential for natural selection to allow populations to adapt as climate change proceeds. We sequenced the mantle transcriptome of 39 red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) individuals from three regions (Monterey Bay, Sonoma, north of Cape Mendocino) distinct in temperature, aragonite saturation, exposure to hypoxia and disease pressure along the California coast. Among 1.17 × 10(6) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in this study (1.37% of the transcriptome), 21 579 could be genotyped for all individuals. A principal components analysis concluded that the vast majority of SNPs show no population structure from Monterey, California to the Oregon border, in corroboration with several previous studies. In contrast, an FST outlier analysis indicated 691 SNPs as exhibiting significantly higher than expected differentiation (experiment-wide P < 0.05). From these, it was possible to identify 163 genes through BLAST annotation, 34 of which contained more than one outlier SNP. A large number of these genes are involved in biomineralization, energy metabolism, heat-, disease- or hypoxia-tolerance. These genes are candidate loci for spatial adaptation to geographic variation that is likely to increase in the future.
预计在下个世纪，全球气候变化将加速，改变海洋的温度、pH 值和氧气浓度模式。在目前经历这些变量地理变化的地方，记录遗传适应这些变量的模式是理解自然选择使种群适应气候变化的潜力的重要工具。我们对来自加利福尼亚海岸三个地区（蒙特雷湾、索诺玛、门多西诺角以北）的 39 个红鲍鱼（Haliotis rufescens）个体的 mantle 转录组进行了测序，这些地区在温度、方解石饱和度、缺氧暴露和疾病压力方面存在差异。在这项研究中鉴定的 1.17×10^6 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）中（占转录组的 1.37%），可以对所有个体进行 21579 个 SNP 的基因分型。主成分分析得出结论，绝大多数 SNP 显示出从加利福尼亚州蒙特雷到俄勒冈州边境的种群结构没有差异，这与之前的几项研究一致。相比之下，FST 异常值分析表明有 691 个 SNP 表现出显著高于预期的分化（全实验范围 P < 0.05）。通过 BLAST 注释，可以从这些 SNP 中识别出 163 个基因，其中 34 个基因包含不止一个异常 SNP。这些基因中有很大一部分参与生物矿化、能量代谢、耐热、耐疾病或耐缺氧。这些基因是适应未来可能增加的地理变化的空间适应的候选基因座。
