GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Jan;9(1):162-71. doi: 10.4161/hv.22302. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
The epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) is distinct in the United States and Canada compared with other countries. This review describes the incidence, mortality and vaccination strategies relevant to IMD in these countries over the past 65 y. The incidence of IMD has remained consistently low in both countries during this period. Serogroup B and serogroup C have been the most prominent disease-causing serogroups. Notably, serogroup Y has recently become an important cause of IMD in the USA, but has not been as prominent in Canada. Periodic rises in incidence have been characterized by local outbreaks that have raised public concern, especially those caused by serogroup C in Canada, and serogroup B in the USA. Case fatality rates have remained consistent at around 10-20%, but vary by age and serogroup. Recent outbreaks have led to the introduction of vaccination programs for both outbreak control and routine immunization.
与其他国家相比，美国和加拿大的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）的流行病学特征明显不同。本综述描述了过去 65 年来两国与 IMD 相关的发病率、死亡率和疫苗接种策略。在此期间，两国的 IMD 发病率一直保持在较低水平。B 群和 C 群一直是最主要的致病血清群。值得注意的是，Y 群最近已成为美国 IMD 的一个重要病因，但在加拿大并不突出。发病率的周期性上升以局部暴发为特征，引起了公众的关注，尤其是加拿大的 C 群和美国的 B 群引起的暴发。病死率一直保持在 10-20%左右，但因年龄和血清群而异。最近的暴发导致了针对暴发控制和常规免疫的疫苗接种计划的引入。
