Yim Evelyn K F, Sheetz Michael P
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2012 Oct 31;3(5):41. doi: 10.1186/scrt132.
Stem cells interact with biochemical and biophysical signals in their extracellular environment. The biophysical signals are transduced to the stem cells either through the underlying extracellular matrix or externally applied forces. Increasing evidence has shown that these biophysical cues such as substrate stiffness and topography can direct stem cell differentiation and determine the cell fate. The mechanism of the biophysically induced differentiation is not understood; however, several key signaling components have been demonstrated to be involved in the force-mediated differentiation. This review will focus on focal adhesions, cytoskeletal contractility, Rho GTPase signaling and nuclear regulation in connection with biophysically induced differentiation. We will briefly introduce the important components of the mechanotransduction machinery, and the recent developments in the study of force-dependent stem cell differentiation.
干细胞与其细胞外环境中的生化和生物物理信号相互作用。生物物理信号通过底层的细胞外基质或外部施加的力传导至干细胞。越来越多的证据表明，诸如底物硬度和拓扑结构等生物物理线索能够引导干细胞分化并决定细胞命运。生物物理诱导分化的机制尚不清楚；然而，已证明几个关键信号成分参与了力介导的分化过程。本综述将聚焦于与生物物理诱导分化相关的粘着斑、细胞骨架收缩性、Rho GTPase信号传导和核调控。我们将简要介绍机械转导机制的重要组成部分，以及力依赖性干细胞分化研究的最新进展。
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