Edenberg Howard J
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Alcohol Res. 2012;34(3):336-8.
Genetic factors (i.e., variations in specific genes) account for a substantial portion of the risk for alcoholism. However, identifying those genes and the specific variations involved is challenging. Researchers have used both case-control and family studies to identify genes related to alcoholism risk. In addition, different strategies such as candidate gene analyses and genome-wide association studies have been used. The strongest effects have been found for specific variants of genes that encode two enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism-alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Accumulating evidence indicates that variations in numerous other genes have smaller but measurable effects.
遗传因素(即特定基因的变异)在酗酒风险中占很大一部分。然而,识别这些基因以及所涉及的具体变异具有挑战性。研究人员利用病例对照研究和家族研究来识别与酗酒风险相关的基因。此外,还采用了不同的策略,如候选基因分析和全基因组关联研究。已发现编码参与酒精代谢的两种酶——乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的基因的特定变体具有最强的影响。越来越多的证据表明,许多其他基因的变异影响较小但可测量。