Mnyika Kagoma S, Makwaya Cyprian K, Lyamuya Elgeus F, Nyamuryekung'e Klinton, Ndyetabura Felix E, Dahoma Mohamed U J, Ali Salim, Mzee S
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
East Afr J Public Health. 2012 Sep;9(3):123-7.
To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Pemba and Zanzibar islands
We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire that consisted of pre-coded and open-ended questions consisting of 29 items. The questionnaire was developed in English and translated into Swahili language before use. The questionnaire was pilot tested and modified before use. A total of 30 Shehias were randomly selected for the survey out of a total of 248 Shehias. A Shehia is the smallest government administrative unit in Pemba and Zanzibar that consists of two to three villages. The study sample was obtained through cluster random sampling of 76 households from each Shehia. Informed consent was sought from the Head of household and from each potential eligible participant. Eligibililty criteria included all persons aged 12 years and above who slept overnight in the selected household at the time of the study. Exclusion criteria included non-residents of Zanzibar and Pemba such as tourists, Informed consent from persons below the age of 18 years were witnessed and ratified by their parents, guardians, caretakers or neighbours. All consenting participants were included in the study sample. Blood sports were collected using filters and tested for HIV-1 using ELISA test at the Zanzibar Reference Laboratory. Samples found positive for ELISA were subjected to a 2nd ELISA test.
The total number of persons who participated in the survey was 5852 out of 5868 eligible persons giving the overall response rate of 99.7%. Of the 5852 persons who participated in the survey, 41% (N = 2414) were males and 59% N = 3455) were females. The overall mean age of the study population was 30.4 years with age ranging from 12-65 years. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 0.6% with more women being significantly affected than men (0.9% versus 0.2%; adjusted OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.16-7.12). Of the 5852 persons who participated in the survey, 5.7% admitted having had casual partner in the past 6 months and of these 19.6% reported having used a condom during the most recent casual sex.
We conclude that HIV-1 infection in Zanzibar is still low and women are more affected than men.
确定奔巴岛和桑给巴尔岛的HIV-1感染率
我们使用了一份由访谈员管理的问卷，其中包括29项预先编码和开放式问题。问卷先用英文编写，使用前翻译成斯瓦希里语。问卷在使用前进行了预测试和修改。在总共248个“谢希亚”中随机抽取30个进行调查。“谢希亚”是奔巴岛和桑给巴尔岛最小的政府行政单位，由两到三个村庄组成。研究样本通过对每个“谢希亚”的76户家庭进行整群随机抽样获得。向户主和每位潜在合格参与者征求知情同意书。入选标准包括在研究时在选定家庭过夜的所有12岁及以上人员。排除标准包括桑给巴尔和奔巴岛的非居民，如游客。18岁以下人员的知情同意书由其父母、监护人、照料者或邻居见证并批准。所有同意参与的参与者都被纳入研究样本。使用滤器采集血样，并在桑给巴尔参考实验室用ELISA试验检测HIV-1。ELISA检测呈阳性的样本进行第二次ELISA检测。
在5868名符合条件的人员中，共有5852人参与了调查，总应答率为99.7%。在参与调查的5852人中，41%（N = 2414）为男性，59%（N = 3455）为女性。研究人群的总体平均年龄为30.4岁，年龄范围为12至65岁。HIV-1感染的总体患病率为0.6%，女性受影响的程度明显高于男性（0.9%对0.2%；调整后的OR = 2.88，95%CI = 1.16 - 7.12）。在参与调查的5852人中，5.7%的人承认在过去6个月有过临时伴侣，其中19.6%的人报告在最近一次性行为中使用了避孕套。
我们得出结论，桑给巴尔岛HIV-1感染率仍然较低，女性比男性受影响更大。
