Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;13(1):134-48. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Nov 8.
The earliest impact of nanomedicine in ophthalmology is likely to involve the areas of biopharmaceuticals, implantable materials (e.g. tissue regeneration scaffolds, bioresorbable materials), implantable devices (e.g. glaucoma drainage valves), and diagnostic tools (e.g. intraocular pressure (IOP) monitors). Nanotechnology will bring about the development of regenerative medicine (i.e. replacement and improvement of cells, tissues, and organs) and artificial vision. In this chapter, we review ophthalmic applications of nanotechnology in the following areas: drug and trophic factor therapy for glaucoma, retinal degenerative, and retinal vascular disease; gene therapy for retinal degenerative disease; regenerative medicine, including optogenetics and optic nerve regeneration; and diagnostics (minimally invasive IOP monitoring). Nanotechnology will play an important role in both early-stage and late-stage intervention in the management of blinding diseases.
纳米医学在眼科学中的最早影响可能涉及生物制药、可植入材料（如组织再生支架、生物可吸收材料）、可植入装置（如青光眼引流阀）和诊断工具（如眼压 (IOP) 监测器）等领域。纳米技术将带来再生医学（即细胞、组织和器官的替代和改善）和人工视觉的发展。在本章中，我们将在以下领域回顾纳米技术在眼科的应用：治疗青光眼、视网膜退行性变和视网膜血管疾病的药物和营养因子治疗；视网膜退行性疾病的基因治疗；包括光遗传学和视神经再生在内的再生医学；以及诊断学（微创 IOP 监测）。纳米技术将在致盲性疾病的早期和晚期干预管理中发挥重要作用。
