海豚（Phocoena phocoena）在 4 千赫倍频程噪声后阈移和恢复的研究

Temporary threshold shifts and recovery in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after octave-band noise at 4 kHz.

机构信息

Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), Julianalaan 46, 3843 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands.

出版信息

J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Nov;132(5):3525-37. doi: 10.1121/1.4757641.

Abstract

Safety criteria for underwater sound produced during offshore pile driving are needed to protect marine mammals. A harbor porpoise was exposed to fatiguing noise at 18 sound pressure level (SPL) and duration combinations. Its temporary hearing threshold shift (TTS) and hearing recovery were quantified with a psychoacoustic technique. Octave-band white noise centered at 4 kHz was the fatiguing stimulus at three mean received SPLs (124, 136, and 148 dB re 1 μPa) and at six durations (7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min). Approximate received sound exposure levels (SELs) varied between 151 and 190 dB re 1 μPa(2) s. Hearing thresholds were determined for a narrow-band frequency-swept sine wave (3.9-4.1 kHz; 1 s) before exposure to the fatiguing noise, and at 1-4, 4-8, 8-12, 48, and 96 min after exposure. The lowest SEL (151 dB re 1 μPa(2) s) which caused a significant TTS(1-4) was due to exposure to an SPL of 124 dB re 1 μPa for 7.5 min. The maximum TTS(1-4), induced after a 240 min exposure to 148 dB re 1 μPa, was around 15 dB at a SEL of 190 dB re 1 μPa(2) s. Recovery time following TTS varied between 4 min and under 96 min, depending on the exposure level, duration, and the TTS induced.

摘要

需要制定水下打桩产生的声音的安全标准，以保护海洋哺乳动物。一只港湾鼠海豚在 18 个声压级（SPL）和持续时间组合下暴露在疲劳噪声中。使用心理声学技术对其暂时听力阈移（TTS）和听力恢复进行了量化。中心频率为 4 kHz 的倍频程白噪声是在三个平均接收 SPL（124、136 和 148 dB 相对于 1 μPa）和六个持续时间（7.5、15、30、60、120 和 240 min）下的疲劳刺激。近似接收声暴露级（SEL）在 151 和 190 dB 相对于 1 μPa(2) s 之间变化。在暴露于疲劳噪声之前，对窄带频率扫描正弦波（3.9-4.1 kHz；1 s）进行了听力阈值测定，然后在暴露后 1-4、4-8、8-12、48 和 96 min 进行了测定。导致 TTS(1-4) 显著的最低 SEL（151 dB 相对于 1 μPa(2) s）是由于暴露于 124 dB 相对于 1 μPa 的 SPL 7.5 min 引起的。在 148 dB 相对于 1 μPa 的暴露 240 min 后，最大的 TTS(1-4) 约为 15 dB，SEL 为 190 dB 相对于 1 μPa(2) s。TTS 后的恢复时间取决于暴露水平、持续时间和诱导的 TTS，在 4 分钟到不到 96 分钟之间变化。