Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
J Dermatolog Treat. 2013 Jun;24(3):235-7. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.746634. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
The chemoprevention refers to the use of various types of chemical agents for preventing carcinogenic progression. Systemic retinoids are the most studied chemopreventive agents due to their capacity to regulate cell proliferation and their demonstrated efficacy in several clinical studies.
The aim of the authors was to give precise indications regarding the use of the systemic retinoid in the chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
The authors reviewed the literature found through a search to MEDLINE (from 2001 to December 2011).
Both acitretin and isotretinoin are effective for the prevention of NMSC. Isotretinoin is preferred in xeroderma pigmentosum and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, whereas acitretin is more used in transplant recipients, psoriasis and severe sun damage.
Despite numerous studies of the literature concerning retinoids in chemoprevention of NMSC, precise details of the type of retinoid to use, dosage and the duration of this preventive treatment and how to manage side effects in the case of long-lasting treatment are still not uniform and comparable. Moreover, neither guidelines nor approval by Food and Drug Administration exist to regulate the use of retinoids in chemoprevention.
化学预防是指使用各种类型的化学试剂来预防致癌的进展。系统类视黄醇是研究最多的化学预防剂，因为它们具有调节细胞增殖的能力，并且在几项临床研究中证明了其疗效。
作者旨在就系统类视黄醇在预防非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）方面的应用提供准确的指示。
作者通过对 MEDLINE（从 2001 年到 2011 年 12 月）的检索，对文献进行了综述。
阿维 A 和异维 A 均对预防 NMSC 有效。异维 A 在着色性干皮病和基底细胞痣综合征中更有效，而阿维 A 则更常用于移植受者、银屑病和严重的日光损伤。
尽管有许多关于类视黄醇在预防 NMSC 方面的文献研究，但关于使用哪种类视黄醇、剂量和预防治疗的持续时间，以及如何在长期治疗的情况下管理副作用的详细信息仍然不统一和不可比。此外，既没有指南也没有食品和药物管理局的批准来规范类视黄醇在化学预防中的使用。
