Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2013 Feb;72(2):267-75; discussion 275. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827b93c0.
Although deep brain (DBS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are used as investigative tools and therapies for a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Therefore, there is a need for new animal models of neuromodulation.
To introduce and validate a direct current DBS (DC-DBS) model that will use the anatomic precision of intracranial electrodes, as used in DBS, to apply direct current, as used in tDCS, over primary auditory cortex (A1) and induce electroencephalographic (EEG) changes.
Twenty-four mice were assigned to 1 of 2 stimulation groups or a sham group and were implanted with electrodes in A1. Stimulation groups underwent DC-DBS stimulation for 20 minutes at 20 μA. Auditory EEG was recorded before stimulation and at 1 hour, 1 week, and 2 weeks poststimulation. EEG was analyzed for changes in N1 (N100 in humans, N40 in mice) amplitude and latency as well as delta and theta power.
DC-DBS led to significant EEG changes (all P values < .05). Among the stimulated animals, there were durable reductions in delta and theta power. There were no differences within the sham group, and neither N40 latencies nor amplitudes changed across time.
Our results show DC-DBS-induced reductions in slow-wave activity consistent with recent tDCS studies. We propose that this model will provide a means to explore basic mechanisms of neuromodulation and could facilitate future application of DC-DBS in humans.
尽管深部脑刺激（DBS）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）被用作各种神经和精神疾病的研究工具和治疗方法，但它们的作用机制仍知之甚少。因此，需要新的神经调节动物模型。
介绍和验证一种直接电流 DBS（DC-DBS）模型，该模型将利用 DBS 中使用的颅内电极的解剖精度，将 tDCS 中使用的直流电施加到初级听觉皮层（A1）上，并诱导脑电图（EEG）变化。
将 24 只小鼠分配到 2 个刺激组或假刺激组之一，并在 A1 中植入电极。刺激组接受 20 μA 的 DC-DBS 刺激 20 分钟。在刺激前和刺激后 1 小时、1 周和 2 周记录听觉 EEG。分析 EEG 的 N1（人类的 N100，小鼠的 N40）幅度和潜伏期以及 delta 和 theta 功率的变化。
DC-DBS 导致明显的 EEG 变化（所有 P 值均<.05）。在受刺激的动物中，delta 和 theta 功率持久降低。假刺激组内无差异，N40 潜伏期和幅度在整个时间内均无变化。
我们的结果显示 DC-DBS 诱导的慢波活动减少与最近的 tDCS 研究一致。我们提出，该模型将提供一种探索神经调节基本机制的方法，并可能促进未来在人类中应用 DC-DBS。
