Marques Sueli, Outeiro Tiago Fleming
Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
Subcell Biochem. 2013;61:507-25. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4525-4_22.
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are highly complex, due to their multifactorial origin, not only depending on genetic but also on environmental factors. Several genetic risk factors have already been associated with both the diseases, however, the precise way through which the environment contributes to neurodegeneration is still unclear.Recently, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling or miRNAs, which may induce alterations in genes expression, have started to be implicated in both AD and PD. Epigenetic modulation is present since pre-natal stages and throughout lifetime, and depends on lifestyle conditions and environmental exposures, and consequently could represent the missing link between risk factors and the development of sporadic disorders. This chapter will discusses the role of epigenetics in AD and PD.
神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病，由于其多因素起源而高度复杂，不仅取决于遗传因素，还取决于环境因素。几种遗传风险因素已经与这两种疾病相关联，然而，环境导致神经退行性变的确切方式仍不清楚。最近，表观遗传机制，如DNA甲基化、染色质重塑或微小RNA，可能会诱导基因表达的改变，已开始被认为与阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病都有关。表观遗传调控从产前阶段就存在并贯穿一生，它取决于生活方式和环境暴露，因此可能是风险因素与散发性疾病发展之间缺失的环节。本章将讨论表观遗传学在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病中的作用。
