Department of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Feb;93(3):674-80. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5940. Epub 2012 Nov 14.
One factor affecting crude palm oil quality is the formation of free fatty acids (FFA), often attributed to the hydrolytic action of mesocarp lipase. The aim of this work was to evaluate the enzyme behavior and to look toward new genotypes with low FFA production, high yield, and better oil quality.
Lipase activity was strongly activated at low temperatures (5 °C). At this temperature PLL, SOO, POL, and POO (P, palmitic; L, linoleic; S, stearic; O, oleic) were the most hydrolyzed triacylglycerols in Elaeis guineensis fruits. Ethylene production decreased from 36 nL g(-1) h(-1) at room temperature to 2 nL g(-1) h(-1) at 5 °C. Lipase activity of E. guineensis, the E. oleifera × E. guineensis (O×G) hybrid, and E. oleifera were 52.7%, 32.9%, and <0.6% FFA, respectively. The E. guineensis showed oil in the mesocarp of 54.7%, followed by the O×G hybrid (47.0%), and E. oleifera (13.6%), and the iodine values were 52.0, 66.3, and 77.4 g I(2) 100 g(-1), respectively.
This work allowed the identification of interspecific O×G hybrids as promising crosses with less lipase activity and higher iodine value than E. guineensis. Although O×G crosses produce less oil in the mesocarp than commercial E. guineensis; this feature could be improved by further breeding to introduce new genes from E. oleifera into the hybrids.
影响棕榈油质量的一个因素是游离脂肪酸（FFA）的形成，这通常归因于中果皮脂肪酶的水解作用。本工作的目的是评估酶的行为，并寻找新的基因型，这些基因型具有低 FFA 产量、高产量和更好的油质。
脂肪酶活性在低温（5°C）下被强烈激活。在这个温度下，PLL、SOO、POL 和 POO（P，棕榈酸；L，亚油酸；S，硬脂酸；O，油酸）是在油棕果实中最易水解的三酰基甘油。乙烯产量从室温时的 36 nL g(-1) h(-1)下降到 5°C 时的 2 nL g(-1) h(-1)。油棕、油棕×油棕（O×G）杂种和油棕的脂肪酶活性分别为 52.7%、32.9%和<0.6%FFA。油棕的中果皮油含量为 54.7%，其次是 O×G 杂种（47.0%）和油棕（13.6%），碘值分别为 52.0、66.3和 77.4 g I(2) 100 g(-1)。
这项工作鉴定了种间 O×G 杂种，它们具有较低的脂肪酶活性和较高的碘值，比油棕更有前途。尽管 O×G 杂种的中果皮油含量比商业油棕少，但通过进一步的选育，可以引入油棕的新基因，使这一特征得到改善。
