尼日利亚哈科特港小学生高血压患病率

Prevalence of hypertension in primary school-children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

作者信息

Okoh Boma Alali, Alikor Edward Achi, Akani Nwaduito

机构信息

Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.

出版信息

Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012;32(4):208-12. doi: 10.1179/2046905512Y.0000000039.

DOI:10.1179/2046905512Y.0000000039

PMID:23164295

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is defined as average systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥95th per centile for gender, age and height, and pre-hypertension as ≥90th and <95th per centile, measured on three occasions. Although the prevalence of hypertension during childhood is lower than that in adulthood, it is not rare in children.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its severity in primary school-children in Port Harcourt.

METHODS

A stratified, multi-staged sampling technique was used to recruit pupils between 6 and 12 years of age in 13 primary schools. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire completed by parents/guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements was taken for each pupil using standardized techniques.

RESULTS

A total of 1302 pupils of whom 585 (44·9%) males and 717 (55·1%) females were studied, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1·2. The prevalence of hypertension was 61 (4·7%), 55 (4·2%) with stage 1 and six (0·5%) with stage 2 hypertension. Sixty (4·6%) of the pupils had pre-hypertension. Twenty-three (3·9%) of the 585 males and 38 (5·3%) of the 717 females were hypertensive (P = 0·25). The mean (SD) age of 8·83 (1·90) years for the normotensive children was higher than the mean (SD) age of 8·56 (2·05) years for the hypertensive children (P = 0·27). Of the study subjects, 152 (11·7%) were underweight, 998 (76·7%) were of normal weight, 75 (5·7%) were overweight and 77 (5·9%) were obese. The prevalence of hypertension among the different weight groups fell steadily from 13 (16·9%) in the obese children to 4 (5·3%) in the overweight children, to 43 (4·3%) in the normal weight children and one (0·7%) in the underweight children (P<0·001).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of hypertension in school-children in Port Harcourt is 4·7% which is similar to that in other studies in Nigeria and elsewhere. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension.

摘要

背景

高血压定义为按性别、年龄和身高计算，平均收缩压和/或舒张压≥第95百分位数，而血压值≥第90百分位数且<第95百分位数则为高血压前期，需在三个不同时间点测量。尽管儿童期高血压的患病率低于成年期，但在儿童中并不罕见。

目的

评估哈科特港小学生高血压的患病率及其严重程度。

方法

采用分层多阶段抽样技术，在13所小学招募6至12岁的学生。通过家长/监护人填写的预测试问卷收集数据。使用标准化技术为每个学生测量三次血压并取平均值。

结果

共研究了1302名学生，其中男生585名（44.9%），女生717名（55.1%），男女比例为1:1.2。高血压患病率为61名（4.7%），其中1期高血压55名（4.2%），2期高血压6名（0.5%）。60名（4.6%）学生患有高血压前期。585名男生中有23名（3.9%）患高血压，717名女生中有38名（5.3%）患高血压（P = 0.25）。血压正常儿童的平均（标准差）年龄为8.83（1.90）岁，高于高血压儿童平均（标准差）年龄8.56（2.05）岁（P = 0.27）。在研究对象中，152名（11.7%）体重过轻，998名（76.7%）体重正常，75名（5.7%）超重，77名（5.9%）肥胖。不同体重组的高血压患病率从肥胖儿童中的13名（16.9%）稳步下降到超重儿童中的4名（5.3%），再到正常体重儿童中的43名（4.3%）和体重过轻儿童中的1名（0.7%）（P<0.001）。