Okpere A N, Anochie I C, Eke F U
Department of Pediatrics,University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital,Port-Harcourt,Rivers State,Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2013 Apr-Jun;32(2):93-8.
The rate and prevalence of hypertension in children is increasing. Childhood hypertensionif untreated can lead to hypertension in adulthood with its consequent cardiovascular and renal complications. Early detection of paediatric hypertension may lead to improvement in cardiovascular health in adults.
This study aims to determine the blood pressure (BP) pattern and prevalence of hypertension in asymptomatic secondary school children and factors associated with hypertension in these adolescents.
A cross-sectional study of 820 adolescents selected from 12 secondary schools in Port Harcourt was conducted. BP was measured by the auscultatory method. The average of three readings was taken as the actual blood pressure. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for age, sex and height. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0.
Systolic and diastolic BP increased with age in all subjects. Male subjects had a higher systolic BP compared to females. Hypertension was seen in 26 (3.2%) subjects; 13 males and 13 females. The proportional prevalence was higher in the age group 15-17 years (3.9%); in those in social classes V (9.1%) and with family history of hypertension (3.6%), (p à 0.05 in all cases). It was however significantly higher in the obese subjects (p = 0.000).
The prevalence of hypertension in adolescents in Port Harcourt is high and is strongly associated with obesity. We recommend blood pressure measurement as part of the school health programme in secondary schools.
儿童高血压的发病率和患病率正在上升。儿童高血压若不治疗，可导致成人期高血压及其随之而来的心血管和肾脏并发症。早期发现儿童高血压可能会改善成人的心血管健康。
本研究旨在确定无症状中学生的血压模式和高血压患病率，以及这些青少年中与高血压相关的因素。
对从哈科特港12所中学选取的820名青少年进行了横断面研究。采用听诊法测量血压。取三次读数的平均值作为实际血压。高血压定义为收缩压和/或舒张压等于或高于按年龄、性别和身高划分的第95百分位数。使用SPSS 17.0版对数据进行分析。
所有受试者的收缩压和舒张压均随年龄增长而升高。男性受试者的收缩压高于女性。26名（3.2%）受试者患有高血压；13名男性和13名女性。15 - 17岁年龄组的比例患病率较高（3.9%）；社会阶层为V级的人群（9.1%）以及有高血压家族史的人群（3.6%），（所有情况p < 0.05）。然而，肥胖受试者中的患病率显著更高（p = 0.000）。
哈科特港青少年高血压患病率较高，且与肥胖密切相关。我们建议将血压测量作为中学学校健康计划的一部分。
