Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Rhode Island, 112 Ranger Hall, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Nov 21;12:133. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-133.
Identifying risk factors that affect excess weight gain during pregnancy is critical, especially among women who are at a higher risk for obesity. The goal of this study was to determine if acculturation, a possible risk factor, was associated with gestational weight gain in a predominantly Puerto Rican population.
We utilized data from Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort study of Hispanic women in Western Massachusetts, United States. Height, weight and gestational age were abstracted from medical records among participants with full-term pregnancies (n=952). Gestational weight gain was calculated as the difference between delivery and prepregnancy weight. Acculturation (measured via a psychological acculturation scale, generation in the US, place of birth and spoken language preference) was assessed in early pregnancy.
Adjusting for age, parity, perceived stress, gestational age, and prepregnancy weight, women who had at least one parent born in Puerto Rico/Dominican Republic (PR/DR) and both grandparents born in PR/DR had a significantly higher mean total gestational weight gain (0.9 kg for at least one parent born in PR/DR and 2.2 kg for grandparents born in PR/DR) and rate of weight gain (0.03 kg/wk for at least one parent born in PR/DR and 0.06 kg/wk for grandparents born in PR/DR) vs. women who were of PR/DR born. Similarly, women born in the US had significantly higher mean total gestational weight gain (1.0 kg) and rate of weight gain (0.03 kg/wk) vs. women who were PR/ DR born. Spoken language preference and psychological acculturation were not significantly associated with total or rate of pregnancy weight gain.
We found that psychological acculturation was not associated with gestational weight gain while place of birth and higher generation in the US were significantly associated with higher gestational weight gain. We interpret these findings to suggest the potential importance of the US "obesogenic" environment in influencing unhealthy pregnancy weight gains over specific aspects of psychological acculturation.
识别影响孕期体重过度增加的风险因素至关重要，尤其是在那些肥胖风险较高的女性中。本研究旨在确定文化适应这一可能的风险因素是否与以波多黎各人为主的人群中的妊娠体重增加有关。
我们利用了美国马萨诸塞州西部的一项西班牙裔女性前瞻性队列研究——Proyecto Buena Salud 的数据。在有足月妊娠的参与者中（n=952），从病历中提取了身高、体重和妊娠周数。妊娠体重增加被计算为分娩时体重与妊娠前体重的差值。在孕早期通过心理文化适应量表、在美国出生的代际、出生地和语言偏好评估文化适应情况。
调整年龄、产次、感知压力、妊娠周数和妊娠前体重后，至少有一位父母出生在波多黎各/多米尼加共和国（PR/DR）且其祖父母均出生在 PR/DR 的女性，其总妊娠期体重增加均值（至少有一位父母出生在 PR/DR 时为 0.9kg，其祖父母出生在 PR/DR 时为 2.2kg）和增重率（至少有一位父母出生在 PR/DR 时为 0.03kg/wk，其祖父母出生在 PR/DR 时为 0.06kg/wk）均显著更高，而与出生在 PR/DR 的女性相比。同样，出生在美国的女性其总妊娠期体重增加均值（1.0kg）和增重率（0.03kg/wk）也显著高于出生在 PR/DR 的女性。语言偏好和心理文化适应与总孕期体重增加或增重率无显著相关性。
我们发现，心理文化适应与妊娠体重增加无关，而出生地和在美国出生的代际越高与妊娠体重增加越高显著相关。我们解释这些发现表明，美国“肥胖环境”在影响特定心理文化适应方面的不健康妊娠体重增加方面可能具有重要作用。
