组蛋白乙酰转移酶：蛋白质激酶古老的对应物兴起
Histone acetyltransferases: Rising ancient counterparts to protein kinases.
作者信息
Yuan Hua, Marmorstein Ronen
机构信息
Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
出版信息
Biopolymers. 2013 Feb;99(2):98-111. doi: 10.1002/bip.22128.
Abstract
Protein kinases catalyze phosphorylation, a posttranslational modification widely utilized in cell signaling. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) catalyze a counterpart posttranslational modification of acetylation which marks histones for epigenetic signaling but in some cases modifies non-histone proteins to mediate other cellular activities. In addition, recent proteomic studies have revealed that thousands of proteins are acetylated throughout the cell to regulate diverse biological processes, thus placing acetyltransferases on the same playing field as kinases. Emerging biochemical and structural data further supports mechanistic and biological links between the two enzyme families. In this article, we will review what is known to date about the structure, catalysis and mode of regulation of HAT enzymes and draw analogies, where relevant, to protein kinases. This comparison reveals that HATs may be rising ancient counterparts to protein kinases.
摘要
蛋白激酶催化磷酸化，这是一种在细胞信号传导中广泛应用的翻译后修饰。组蛋白乙酰转移酶（HATs）催化乙酰化这种对应的翻译后修饰，乙酰化标记组蛋白用于表观遗传信号传导，但在某些情况下会修饰非组蛋白以介导其他细胞活动。此外，最近的蛋白质组学研究表明，细胞内有成千上万种蛋白质被乙酰化以调节各种生物学过程，从而使乙酰转移酶与激酶处于同一竞争环境。新出现的生化和结构数据进一步支持了这两个酶家族之间的机制和生物学联系。在本文中，我们将综述迄今为止关于HAT酶的结构、催化和调节模式的已知信息，并在相关之处与蛋白激酶进行类比。这种比较表明，HATs可能是蛋白激酶古老的对应物。
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