Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2013 Feb;29(1):275-319. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2012.10.007.
This article summarizes the current literature regarding the structural and functional changes of the aging kidney and describes how these changes make the older patient more susceptible to acute kidney injury and fluid and electrolyte disorders. It discusses the clinical manifestations, evaluation, and management of hyponatremia and shows how the management of hypernatremia in geriatric patients involves addressing the underlying cause and safely correcting the hypernatremia. The current literature regarding evaluation and management of hypercalcemia in older patients is summarized. The management of severe hypercalcemia is discussed in detail. The evaluation and management of acute kidney injury is described.
本文总结了关于老年肾脏结构和功能变化的现有文献,并描述了这些变化如何使老年患者更容易发生急性肾损伤以及液体和电解质紊乱。本文讨论了低钠血症的临床表现、评估和治疗,并展示了如何治疗老年患者的高钠血症,包括解决根本原因和安全纠正高钠血症。本文还总结了关于老年患者高钙血症的评估和管理的现有文献,并详细讨论了严重高钙血症的治疗。本文还描述了急性肾损伤的评估和治疗。