Medical Toxicology Office, 3rd Floor, Block C, South Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
QJM. 2013 Feb;106(2):147-52. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs219. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Analysis of urine samples collected across a city centre, for the detection of novel psychoactive substances (NPS).
Cross-sectional study of anonymized urine samples used for the analysis of classical recreational drugs, NPS and metabolites.
Pooled urine samples collected from portable stand-alone four-person urinals across a city centre were analysed using full-scan accurate-mass high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Data were processed against compound databases containing >1700 drug compounds and metabolites.
Seven established recreational drugs (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, cocaine, cannabis, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, methamphetamine and amphetamine) and six potential NPS [hordenine (all 12 urinals), cathine (11), methylhexaneamine (9), 4-methylmethcathinone (6), methiopropamine and metabolites (2) and methoxetamine and metabolites (1)] were detected. Methylhexaneamine, methiopropamine and hordenine are currently uncontrolled in the UK, whereas methoxetamine is currently subject to a Temporary Class Drug Order. Metabolites of the anabolic steroid nandrolone were found in two urinals and trenbolone metabolites and clenbuterol in one urinal.
Analysis of pooled urine samples collected anonymously from stand-alone urinals in a large inner city can detect the use of recreational drugs, NPS and anabolic steroids. Metabolite detection indicates actual drug use, metabolism and elimination rather than simply discarded drugs in the urinals. This technique by confirming the actual drug(s) used has the potential to be additive to currently used datasets/key indicators providing more robust information for healthcare authorities, legislative and law enforcement on the drugs actually being used.
分析市中心采集的尿液样本，以检测新型精神活性物质（NPS）。
对用于分析经典娱乐性药物、NPS 和代谢物的匿名尿液样本进行的横断面研究。
使用全扫描精确质量高分辨率液相色谱-串联质谱法对市中心便携式独立四人小便池采集的混合尿液样本进行分析。数据经过处理，与包含 >1700 种药物化合物和代谢物的化合物数据库进行对比。
检测到七种已确立的娱乐性药物（3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺、可卡因、大麻、氯胺酮、3,4-亚甲二氧基-N-甲基苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺）和六种潜在的 NPS [哈尔登宁（所有 12 个小便池）、瓜氨酸（11）、甲基己胺（9）、4-甲基甲卡西酮（6）、甲硫苯丙胺及其代谢物（2）和甲氧基安定及其代谢物（1）]。甲基己胺、甲硫苯丙胺和哈尔登宁目前在英国不受控制，而甲氧基安定目前受临时管制药物令管制。两个小便池中发现了合成代谢类固醇 nandrolone 的代谢物，一个小便池中发现了 trenbolone 代谢物和克仑特罗。
对市中心独立小便池匿名采集的混合尿液样本进行分析，可以检测到娱乐性药物、NPS 和合成代谢类固醇的使用情况。代谢物的检测表明实际的药物使用、代谢和消除，而不仅仅是尿液中的废弃药物。这种技术通过确认实际使用的药物，有可能为当前使用的数据/关键指标提供补充，为医疗保健当局、立法和执法部门提供关于实际使用的药物的更可靠信息。
