Archer John R H, Mendes Fiona, Hudson Simon, Layne Kerry, Dargan Paul I, Wood David M
Department of Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;86(3):517-527. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14239. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
To evaluate the long-term trends of new psychoactive substance (NPS) detection in pooled urine samples collected across a city centre.
Pooled urine samples from portable stand-alone urinals were collected on a monthly basis over 5.5 years (July 2013-December 2018) across a city centre. These were analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatography system, interfaced to a high-resolution accurate mass spectrometer. Data were processed against a database containing over 2000 drugs/metabolites including over 800 NPS.
In total, 44 NPS were detected with variation over time including cathinones (15, 34.1%), synthetic cannabinoids (8, 18.2%) and 21 (47.7%) other NPS. Since the introduction of the UK Psychoactive Substances Act (May 2016) cathinone detection has decreased with minimal detection over the last 4 months of the study. Synthetic cannabinoids were not detected on a regular basis until July 2016 with a subsequent variable detection frequency. There was a consistent, low level detection frequency of all other NPS throughout the study, but which appears to have increased alongside the decrease in cathinone detection.
Pooled urine analysis of samples taken from portable urinals in a city centre can be used as an effective monitoring tool to determine long-term trends in the use of NPS. The results of this study demonstrate the impact of the Psychoactive Substances Act and reflect the findings of population surveys and clinical studies. Triangulation of these data with other data sources will enable greater insight into the NPS phenomenon.
评估在市中心采集的混合尿液样本中新精神活性物质（NPS）检测的长期趋势。
在5.5年期间（2013年7月至2018年12月），每月从市中心的便携式独立小便器中采集混合尿液样本。使用与高分辨率精确质谱仪相连的高效液相色谱系统对这些样本进行分析。数据与包含2000多种药物/代谢物（包括800多种NPS）的数据库进行比对处理。
总共检测到44种NPS，随时间有所变化，包括卡西酮（15种，34.1%）、合成大麻素（8种，18.2%）和其他21种（47.7%）NPS。自英国《精神活性物质法》出台（2016年5月）以来，卡西酮检测量有所下降，在研究的最后4个月检测量降至最低。合成大麻素直到2016年7月才定期被检测到，随后检测频率有所变化。在整个研究过程中，所有其他NPS的检测频率一直较低，但似乎随着卡西酮检测量的下降而有所增加。
对市中心便携式小便器采集的样本进行混合尿液分析，可作为确定NPS使用长期趋势的有效监测工具。本研究结果证明了《精神活性物质法》的影响，并反映了人群调查和临床研究的结果。将这些数据与其他数据源进行三角测量，将能更深入地了解NPS现象。
