Quiñones Ruth, Giovannini Anna, Raga J Antonio, Fernández Mercedes
Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
J Parasitol. 2013 Jun;99(3):576-9. doi: 10.1645/GE-3165.1. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
We report on the intestinal helminth fauna of 15 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and 6 short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis from the western Mediterranean. Eight helminth species were found in bottlenose dolphin, i.e., the digeneans Synthesium tursionis, Brachycladium atlanticum, and Pholeter gastrophilus, the nematode Anisakis sp., and the cestodes Tetrabothrius forsteri, Diphyllobothrium sp., Strobilocephalus triangularis, and tetraphyllidean plerocercoids. Brachycladium atlanticum, S. triangularis , and tetraphyllidean plerocercoids are new host records. No T. forsteri had previously been reported in Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins. Three species of helminths were recorded in the common dolphin, i.e., the digenean Synthesium delamurei (which was a new host record), and the cestodes T. forsteri and tetraphyllidean plerocercoids. The intestinal helminth communities of bottlenose and common dolphins are depauperate, similar to that of other cetacean species, but those from bottlenose dolphins harbored a higher number of helminth species. This study supports the notion that oceanic cetaceans, such as common dolphins, have a comparatively poorer helminth fauna than that of neritic species, such as bottlenose dolphins, because the likelihood of parasite recruitment is decreased.
我们报告了来自地中海西部的15头宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）和6头短吻真海豚的肠道蠕虫动物区系。在宽吻海豚中发现了8种蠕虫，即复殖吸虫类的图氏合肠吸虫、大西洋短肠吸虫和嗜胃光口吸虫，线虫类的异尖线虫属，以及绦虫类的福氏四槽绦虫、裂头绦虫属、三角头绦虫和四叶目裂头蚴。大西洋短肠吸虫、三角头绦虫和四叶目裂头蚴是新的宿主记录。此前在地中海宽吻海豚中未报告过福氏四槽绦虫。在真海豚中记录到3种蠕虫，即复殖吸虫类的德拉穆雷合肠吸虫（这是新的宿主记录），以及绦虫类的福氏四槽绦虫和四叶目裂头蚴。宽吻海豚和真海豚的肠道蠕虫群落种类匮乏，与其他鲸类物种相似，但宽吻海豚的蠕虫种类更多。这项研究支持了这样一种观点，即诸如真海豚这样的海洋鲸类的蠕虫动物区系比诸如宽吻海豚这样的浅海物种的蠕虫动物区系相对更贫乏，因为寄生虫感染的可能性降低了。
