Briones-Fourzán Patricia, Candia-Zulbarán Rebeca I, Negrete-Soto Fernando, Barradas-Ortiz Cecilia, Huchin-Mian Juan P, Lozano-Álvarez Enrique
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2012 Aug 27;100(2):135-48. doi: 10.3354/dao02465.
In Bahía de la Ascensión, Mexico, 'casitas' (large artificial shelters) are extensively used to harvest Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus. After the discovery of a pathogenic virus, Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), in these lobsters, laboratory experiments revealed that PaV1 could be transmitted by contact and through water, and that lobsters avoided shelters harboring diseased conspecifics. To examine these issues in the context of casitas, which typically harbor multiple lobsters of all sizes, we examined the distribution and aggregation patterns of lobsters in the absence/presence of diseased conspecifics (i.e. visibly infected with PaV1) in 531 casitas distributed over 3 bay zones, 1 poorly vegetated ('Vigía Chico', average depth: 1.5 m) and 2 more extensively vegetated ('Punta Allen': 2.5 m; 'Los Cayos': 2.4 m). All zones had relatively high indices of predation risk. Using several statistical approaches, we found that distribution parameters of lobsters were generally not affected by the presence of diseased conspecifics in casitas. Interestingly, however, in the shallower and less vegetated zone (Vigía Chico), individual casitas harbored more lobsters and lobsters were actually more crowded in casitas containing diseased conspecifics, yet disease prevalence was the lowest in lobsters of all sizes. These results suggest that (1) investment in disease avoidance by lobsters is partially modulated by local habitat features, (2) contact transmission rates of PaV1 may be lower in nature than in the laboratory, and (3) water-borne transmission rates may be lower in shallow, poorly vegetated habitats more exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation, which can damage viral particles.
在墨西哥的阿森松湾，“小屋”（大型人工庇护所）被广泛用于捕捞加勒比刺龙虾（Panulirus argus）。在这些龙虾中发现一种致病病毒——龙虾病毒1型（PaV1）后，实验室实验表明，PaV1可通过接触和水传播，并且龙虾会避开有患病同种个体的庇护所。为了在通常容纳各种大小的多只龙虾的“小屋”环境中研究这些问题，我们在分布于3个海湾区域的531个“小屋”中，研究了在有/无患病同种个体（即明显感染PaV1）情况下龙虾的分布和聚集模式，这3个海湾区域分别是1个植被较少的区域（“维希亚奇科”，平均深度：1.5米）和2个植被更茂盛的区域（“蓬塔艾伦”：2.5米；“洛斯卡约斯”：2.4米）。所有区域的捕食风险指数都相对较高。使用多种统计方法，我们发现“小屋”中有患病同种个体的存在通常不会影响龙虾的分布参数。然而，有趣的是，在较浅且植被较少的区域（维希亚奇科），单个“小屋”容纳的龙虾更多，并且在有患病同种个体的“小屋”中龙虾实际上更加拥挤，但所有大小龙虾的疾病患病率却是最低的。这些结果表明：（1）龙虾对疾病的规避投入部分受当地栖息地特征调节；（2）PaV1在自然环境中的接触传播率可能低于实验室环境；（3）在更易受到太阳紫外线辐射（可破坏病毒颗粒）影响的浅且植被较少的栖息地中，水传播率可能较低。
