Jäkel Clara E, Hauser Stefan, Rogenhofer Sebastian, Müller Stefan C, Brossart P, Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G H
Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund Freud Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:473245. doi: 10.1155/2012/473245. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) seems to be resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and the general treatment regimen of cytokine therapy produces only modest responses while inducing severe side effects. Nowadays standard of care is the treatment with VEGF-inhibiting agents or mTOR inhibition; nevertheless, immunotherapy can induce complete remissions and long-term survival in selected patients. Among different adoptive lymphocyte therapies, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have a particularly advantageous profile as these cells are easily available, have a high proliferative rate, and exhibit a high antitumor activity. Here, we reviewed clinical studies applying CIK cells, either alone or with standard therapies, for the treatment of RCC. The adverse events in all studies were mild, transient, and easily controllable. In vitro studies revealed an increased antitumor activity of peripheral lymphocytes of participants after CIK cell treatment and CIK cell therapy was able to induce complete clinical responses in RCC patients. The combination of CIK cell therapy and standard therapy was superior to standard therapy alone. These studies suggest that CIK cell immunotherapy is a safe and competent treatment strategy for RCC patients and further studies should investigate different treatment combinations and schedules for optimal application of CIK cells.
转移性肾细胞癌（RCC）似乎对传统的化疗和放疗具有抗性，细胞因子疗法的常规治疗方案仅产生适度反应，同时会引发严重的副作用。如今，护理标准是使用血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抑制剂或雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）抑制剂进行治疗；然而，免疫疗法可使部分患者实现完全缓解并长期存活。在不同的过继性淋巴细胞疗法中，细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）具有特别有利的特征，因为这些细胞易于获取、增殖率高且具有高抗肿瘤活性。在此，我们回顾了单独或与标准疗法联合应用CIK细胞治疗RCC的临床研究。所有研究中的不良事件均为轻度、短暂且易于控制。体外研究显示，CIK细胞治疗后参与者外周淋巴细胞的抗肿瘤活性增强，且CIK细胞疗法能够在RCC患者中诱导完全临床缓解。CIK细胞疗法与标准疗法联合使用优于单纯标准疗法。这些研究表明，CIK细胞免疫疗法是一种针对RCC患者的安全且有效的治疗策略，进一步的研究应探索不同的治疗组合和方案，以实现CIK细胞的最佳应用。
