Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2012 Dec;15(12):764-6.
Annually, around six million patients are admitted to hospitals in Iran. Information about the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) is necessary for both appropriate management and establishment of preventative measures in hospitals. This article is based on the findings of the Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NISS) which has been providing information on NIs in Iran since March 2007.
NISS covers 95 hospitals throughout Iran, each with over 200 beds. There are four main infections: urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI), bloodstream infection (BSI) and pneumonia (PNEU) included in NISS. Reports are completed on forms that have been provided based on national guidelines. In all selected hospitals there is one designated nurse who conducts infection control activities and is trained in the detection and reporting of NIs based on NISS guidelines.
During March 2007 - March 2008, a total of 1,879,356 patients were admitted to the selected hospitals. The total detected NIs were 10557 with a prevalence of 0.57%. Of these, UTI was the most prevalent infection (32.2%) and BSI was the least (16.3%). Based on gender, females had more UTI, whereas PNEU was the highest in males. Of reported NIs, 9% were detected in children less than five years of age and included BSI (45%), PNEU (20%), SSI (19%) and UTI (16%). There were 26% reported NIs in the age group over 65 years, of which the most prevalent infections were UTI (42%) followed by PNEU (31%), SSI (15%) and BSI (12%). NIs were most often detected in intensive care units (ICUs; 26.7%), followed by surgery wards (12.8%).
In comparison with other studies and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, the rate of NIs appears to be less according to NISS. NISS has the capability to provide basic information for efficient management and control measures, in addition to indicating variations in NIs based on gender, age and location (hospital ward). In order to have a more realistic estimate of NIs and strengthen NISS, it is advisable to conduct a point prevalence study.
每年约有 600 万患者入住伊朗医院。了解医院获得性感染（NIs）的流行情况对于医院的适当管理和预防措施的建立都是必要的。本文基于 2007 年 3 月以来提供有关伊朗 NIs 信息的医院获得性感染监测系统（NISS）的研究结果。
NISS 涵盖了伊朗各地的 95 家医院，每家医院的床位均超过 200 张。NISS 中包括四种主要感染：尿路感染（UTI）、手术部位感染（SSI）、血流感染（BSI）和肺炎（PNEU）。报告是根据国家指南提供的表格完成的。在所有选定的医院中，都有一名指定的护士，负责开展感染控制活动，并根据 NISS 指南接受 NIs 的检测和报告方面的培训。
2007 年 3 月至 2008 年 3 月期间，共有 1879356 名患者入住选定的医院。共检测到 10557 例 NIs，发病率为 0.57%。其中，UTI 是最常见的感染（32.2%），BSI 则最少（16.3%）。按性别划分，女性 UTI 较多，而男性 PNEU 较高。报告的 NIs 中，9%发生在 5 岁以下的儿童中，包括 BSI（45%）、PNEU（20%）、SSI（19%）和 UTI（16%）。65 岁以上人群中报告的 NIs 占 26%，其中最常见的感染是 UTI（42%），其次是 PNEU（31%）、SSI（15%）和 BSI（12%）。NIs 最常见于重症监护病房（26.7%），其次是外科病房（12.8%）。
与其他研究和世界卫生组织（WHO）的估计相比，根据 NISS，NIs 的发生率似乎较低。NISS 除了能够根据性别、年龄和位置（医院病房）提供 NIs 的变化信息外，还有能力提供有效的管理和控制措施的基本信息。为了更准确地估计 NIs 并加强 NISS，建议进行现患率研究。
