Koppenaal L, Glanzer M
Department of Psychology, New York University, NY 10003.
Mem Cognit. 1990 Mar;18(2):183-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03197094.
The continuous distractor task has yielded a so-called "long-term recency effect" that appears to call into question the dual-storage explanation of serial position effects in free recall. In this study, we show that the "long-term recency effect" is really a short-term storage effect, resulting from adaptation to the repeated presentation of a particular type of distractor throughout the list. This adaptation, a time-sharing process, permits short-term storage to carry out its normal functions. Experiment 1 shows that an appropriate postlist distractor task does in fact eliminate the "long-term recency effect." This finding supports the assertion that the effect is a product of short-term storage. Experiment 2 demonstrates the benefits and costs of the time-sharing process, relative to standard free recall, for both long-term and short-term storage. The findings support the time-sharing hypothesis. Experiment 3 replicates Experiment 2, with a change in procedure that rules out output interference as a mechanism responsible for the results of Experiment 2. Data are also presented on the development of the adaptation over trials. It is concluded that the adaptation and time-sharing processes need to be included in the dual-storage model of short-term storage.
连续干扰任务产生了一种所谓的“长期近因效应”，这似乎对自由回忆中系列位置效应的双重存储解释提出了质疑。在本研究中，我们表明“长期近因效应”实际上是一种短期存储效应，它是由于在整个列表中对特定类型干扰物的重复呈现产生适应而导致的。这种适应是一个分时过程，它使短期存储能够执行其正常功能。实验1表明，适当的列表后干扰任务实际上消除了“长期近因效应”。这一发现支持了该效应是短期存储产物的论断。实验2展示了相对于标准自由回忆，分时过程对长期和短期存储的益处与成本。这些发现支持了分时假说。实验3重复了实验2，但改变了程序，排除了输出干扰作为导致实验2结果的一种机制。还给出了关于试验中适应发展的数据。得出的结论是，适应和分时过程需要纳入短期存储的双重存储模型中。
