Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Place du Centre, 200 Promenade du Portage, 4th Floor, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada K1A 1K8.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.035. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
Our group has previously demonstrated that peripheral motion contrast threshold (PMCT) is significantly associated with self-reported accident risk of older drivers (questionnaire assessment), and with Useful Field of View(®) subtest 2 (UFOV2). It has not been shown, however, that PMCT is significantly associated with driving performance. Using the method of descending limits (spatial two-alternative forced choice) we assessed motion contrast thresholds of 28 young participants (25-45), and 21 older drivers (63-86) for 0.4 cycle/degree drifting Gabor stimuli at 15° eccentricity and examined whether it was related to performance on a simulated on-road test and to a measure of visual attention (UFOV(®) subtests 2 and 3). Peripheral motion contrast thresholds (PMCT) of younger participants were significantly lower than older participants. PMCT and UFOV2 significantly predicted driving examiners' scores of older drivers' simulator performance, as well as number of crashes. Within the older group, PMCT correlated significantly with UFOV2, UFOV3, and age. Within the younger group, PMCT was not significantly related to either UFOV(®) scores or age. Partial correlations showed that: substantial association between PMCT and UFOV2 was not age-related (within the older driver group); PMCT and UFOV2 tapped a common visual function; and PMCT assessed a component not captured by UFOV2. PMCT is potentially a useful assessment tool for predicting accident risk of older drivers, and for informing efforts to develop effective countermeasures to remediate this functional deficit as much as possible.
我们的研究小组之前已经证实，外周运动对比阈值（PMCT）与老年驾驶员的自我报告事故风险（问卷调查评估）以及有用视野测试（UFOV2）的 Subtest2 显著相关。然而，目前尚不清楚 PMCT 是否与驾驶表现显著相关。本研究使用降限法（空间二择一强迫选择），评估了 28 名年轻参与者（25-45 岁）和 21 名老年驾驶员（63-86 岁）的外周运动对比阈值，以 0.4 个周期/度的漂移 Gabors 刺激在 15°的偏心位置，并检查了它与模拟道路测试表现以及视觉注意力测量（UFOV®的 Subtest2 和 Subtest3）是否相关。年轻参与者的外周运动对比阈值（PMCT）明显低于老年参与者。PMCT 和 UFOV2 显著预测了老年驾驶员模拟表现和事故数量。在老年组中，PMCT 与 UFOV2、UFOV3 和年龄显著相关。在年轻组中，PMCT 与 UFOV（®）分数或年龄均无显著相关性。偏相关显示：PMCT 与 UFOV2 之间的显著关联与年龄无关（在老年驾驶员组内）；PMCT 和 UFOV2 反映了共同的视觉功能；PMCT 评估了 UFOV2 无法捕捉到的组成部分。PMCT 可能是预测老年驾驶员事故风险的有用评估工具，并为开发有效对策以尽可能弥补这一功能缺陷提供信息。
