Hayat Majeed M, Narravula Srikanth, Pepin Matthew, Javidi Bahram
Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1356, USA.
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2012 Oct 1;29(10):2048-57. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.29.002048.
Photon-counting integral imaging has been introduced recently, and its applications in three-dimensional (3D) object sensing, visualization, recognition, and classification under photon-starved conditions have been demonstrated. This paper sheds light on the underlying information-theoretic foundation behind the ability of photon-counting integral imaging in performing complex tasks with far fewer photons than conventional imaging systems. A metric for photon-information content is formulated in the context of 3D photon-counting imaging, and its properties are investigated. It is shown that there is an inherent trade-off between imaging fidelity, measured by the entropy-normalized mutual information associated with a given imaging system, and the amount of information in each photon used in the imaging process, as represented by the photon-number-normalized mutual information. The dependence of this trade-off on photon statistics, correlation in the 3D image, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the photon-detection system is also investigated.
光子计数积分成像最近已被引入，并且其在光子匮乏条件下的三维（3D）物体传感、可视化、识别和分类中的应用已经得到了证明。本文揭示了光子计数积分成像在比传统成像系统少得多的光子条件下执行复杂任务的能力背后的潜在信息理论基础。在三维光子计数成像的背景下制定了光子信息含量的度量标准，并对其性质进行了研究。结果表明，由与给定成像系统相关的熵归一化互信息测量的成像保真度与成像过程中每个光子的信息量（由光子数归一化互信息表示）之间存在固有的权衡。还研究了这种权衡对光子统计、三维图像中的相关性以及光子检测系统的信噪比的依赖性。
