Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2013 Jan 15;443:307-14. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.081. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
The environmental occurrence of potentially emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) was investigated near suspected source zones in Norway, within seepage water, sewage waste water, sewage sludges, and sediments. Analyzed emerging BFRs included 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EBTPI), tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether (TBBPA AE), and tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dipropyl ether) (TBBPA DBPE). In addition selected polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) were analyzed, so that findings could be compared to legacy BFRs. An analytical method based on liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for analysis of EBTPI, TBBPA AE, and TBBPA DBPE. The legacy BFRs were in general found in higher levels and abundances than the studied emerging BFRs. However, BTBPE was detected in most of the studied matrices (sewage sludge, seepage water and sediment). DBDPE was detected in sewage sludge, waste water, seepage water and in sediment taken close to a combined metal recycling and car dismantling site. TBECH was found in seepage water, waste water and sewage sludge. EBTPI was identified in one seepage water sample; TBBPA AE was detected both in seepage water and sediment, and TBPPA DBPE in waste water and seepage water. Of the emerging BFRs, the highest levels in water samples were quantified for TBBPA DBPE (81 ng/L, seepage water from a combined metal recycling and car dismantling site) and in sediment for BTBPE (6.5 ng/g, taken close to landfill). The findings of current-use BFRs in seepage water, sediment and in sewage suggest that further investigations are needed of the environmental fate and effects of these flame retardants.
本研究调查了挪威疑似污染区附近环境中潜在新兴溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）的分布情况，检测对象包括渗滤水、污水废水、污水淤泥和沉积物。所分析的新兴 BFRs 包括 1,2-二溴-4-(1,2-二溴乙基)环己烷（TBECH）、1,2-双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、 双（四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺基）乙烷（EBTPI）、四溴双酚 A 二烯丙基醚（TBBPA AE）和四溴双酚 A 双（2,3-二丙基醚）（TBBPA DBPE）。此外，还分析了选定的多溴联苯醚（PBDEs），以便将结果与传统 BFRs 进行比较。本研究建立了一种基于液相色谱大气压光致电离串联质谱法的分析方法，用于分析 EBTPI、TBBPA AE 和 TBBPA DBPE。结果表明，传统 BFRs 的含量和丰度普遍高于研究中的新兴 BFRs。然而，BTBPE 被检测到存在于大多数研究的基质（污水淤泥、渗滤水和沉积物）中。DBDPE 被检测到存在于污水淤泥、废水、渗滤水和靠近金属回收和汽车拆解综合场地的沉积物中。TBECH 存在于渗滤水、废水和污水淤泥中。EBTPI 仅在一个渗滤水样本中被识别；TBBPA AE 既存在于渗滤水中，也存在于沉积物中，而 TBPPA DBPE 则存在于废水中和渗滤水中。在水样中，新兴 BFRs 的最高浓度被定量为 TBBPA DBPE（81ng/L，来自金属回收和汽车拆解综合场地的渗滤水），而在沉积物中则为 BTBPE（6.5ng/g，取自垃圾填埋场附近）。在渗滤水、沉积物和污水中发现的当前使用的 BFRs 表明，需要进一步研究这些阻燃剂的环境归宿和影响。
