Medicines Patent Pool Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Jan;8(1):70-4. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32835b6e5a.
The purpose of this study is to review relevant literature published from January 2011 to July 2012 that specifically addresses the impact of intellectual property protection on access to antiretroviral drugs.
The articles reviewed discussed the relation of intellectual property protection and access to medicines. For most authors, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) and the 10-year anniversary of the 2001 WTO Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health formed an important background for the review of the current state of play.
Intellectual property plays an important role in implementing policies to ensure HIV treatment and care programmes. From the review, three main themes emerged: the implementation of the Doha Declaration, the role of generic competition in antiretroviral treatment scale-up and innovative licensing mechanisms. The attention for the effects of intellectual property on access to HIV medicines opened the path for new initiatives for the management of patents using public health objectives as the key driver such as the UNITAID-backed Medicines Patent Pool. Some of the literature addressed the question whether more fundamental changes in the intellectual property architecture were necessary.
本研究旨在综述 2011 年 1 月至 2012 年 7 月间发表的与知识产权保护对获得抗逆转录病毒药物的影响相关的文献。
综述文章讨论了知识产权保护与获得药品之间的关系。对于大多数作者来说，世界贸易组织（WTO）的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》（TRIPS）以及 2001 年 WTO 多哈宣言关于 TRIPS 和公共卫生十周年，构成了审查当前状况的重要背景。
知识产权在实施确保艾滋病毒治疗和护理方案的政策方面发挥着重要作用。从综述中，出现了三个主要主题：多哈宣言的执行情况、仿制药竞争在扩大抗逆转录病毒治疗规模方面的作用以及创新许可机制。对知识产权对获得艾滋病毒药物的影响的关注为利用公共卫生目标作为关键驱动因素管理专利的新举措开辟了道路，如由 UNITAID 支持的药品专利池。一些文献探讨了是否需要对知识产权架构进行更根本的改变的问题。
