Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
Sensors (Basel). 2012 Oct 9;12(10):13508-44. doi: 10.3390/s121013508.
Wireless sensor networks basically consist of low cost sensor nodes which collect data from environment and relay them to a sink, where they will be subsequently processed. Since wireless nodes are severely power-constrained, the major concern is how to conserve the nodes' energy so that network lifetime can be extended significantly. Employing one static sink can rapidly exhaust the energy of sink neighbors. Furthermore, using a non-optimal single path together with a maximum transmission power level may quickly deplete the energy of individual nodes on the route. This all results in unbalanced energy consumption through the sensor field, and hence a negative effect on the network lifetime. In this paper, we present a comprehensive taxonomy of the various mechanisms applied for increasing the network lifetime. These techniques, whether in the routing or cross-layer area, fall within the following types: multi-sink, mobile sink, multi-path, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, depending on the protocol operation. In this taxonomy, special attention has been devoted to the multi-sink, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, which have not yet received much consideration in the literature. Moreover, each class covers a variety of the state-of-the-art protocols, which should provide ideas for potential future works. Finally, we compare these mechanisms and discuss open research issues.
无线传感器网络基本上由从环境中收集数据并将其中继到汇聚节点的低成本传感器节点组成，然后在汇聚节点中对数据进行处理。由于无线节点的能量非常有限，因此主要关注点是如何节省节点的能量，以显著延长网络的生命周期。使用一个静态汇聚节点会迅速耗尽汇聚节点邻居的能量。此外，使用非最优的单路径和最大功率传输级别可能会迅速耗尽路径上各个节点的能量。这会导致传感器场中能量消耗不平衡，从而对网络生命周期产生负面影响。在本文中，我们提出了一种全面的分类法，用于增加网络生命周期的各种机制。这些技术，无论是在路由还是跨层领域，都属于以下类型：多汇聚节点、移动汇聚节点、多路径、功率控制和仿生算法，具体取决于协议的操作。在这种分类法中，特别关注多汇聚节点、功率控制和仿生算法，这些技术在文献中尚未得到太多关注。此外，每个类别都涵盖了各种最新的协议，这应该为潜在的未来工作提供思路。最后，我们比较了这些机制，并讨论了开放的研究问题。
