Dow AgroSciences, European Development Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Jul;69(7):809-13. doi: 10.1002/ps.3439. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
Insecticides are important tools for managing damaging insect pests. Compounds that are effective against pests such as the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, which show resistance to a range of insecticidal modes of action (MOA), have particular value as components of resistance management programmes. The sulfoximine insecticides are chemically unique as the first to incorporate a sulfoximine functional group. Sulfoxaflor is the first sulfoximine compound under commercial development for the control of sap-feeding insects. Its cross-resistance relationships were investigated by comparing the responses of field-collected strains with those of insecticide-susceptible laboratory strains of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum.
Sulfoxaflor exhibited very low (less than threefold) resistance ratios (RR) when tested against strains of B. tabaci that produced RR of up to 1000-fold to imidacloprid and cross-resistance to other neonicotinoid insecticides. Similarly, sulfoxaflor was not cross-resistant in a strain of B. tabaci exhibiting resistance to a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) and an organophosphate (profenophos). No cross-resistance was observed between sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid in T. vaporariorum. One population of the three field strains tested showed slightly reduced susceptibility to sufloxaflor with an RR of 4.17. By comparison, this same population exhibited an RR of more than 23.8-fold for imidacloprid relative to the susceptible population.
In spite of sharing a target site with neonicotinoids (the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor), sulfoxaflor was largely unaffected by existing cases of neonicotinoid resistance in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Neonicotinoid resistance mechanisms in these whitefly species are known to be primarily based on enhanced detoxification of insecticide. This lack of cross-resistance indicates that sulfoxaflor is a valuable new tool for the management of sap-feeding pests already resistant to established insecticide groups.
杀虫剂是防治有害昆虫的重要工具。对于具有多种作用模式（MOA）抗性的害虫，如烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）和温室白粉虱（Trialeurodes vaporariorum），有效化合物具有特别的价值，可作为抗性管理计划的组成部分。磺酰亚胺类杀虫剂是首次将磺酰亚胺官能团融入其中的一类具有独特化学性质的杀虫剂。氟啶虫胺腈是首个处于商业开发阶段的磺酰亚胺类化合物，可用于防治刺吸式口器昆虫。本研究通过比较田间采集的品系与对啶虫脒敏感的实验室品系的反应，研究了氟啶虫胺腈的抗药性关系。
氟啶虫胺腈对烟粉虱品系的抗性比率（RR）低于三倍，而这些品系对吡虫啉的 RR 高达 1000 倍，对其他新烟碱类杀虫剂也具有交叉抗性。同样，氟啶虫胺腈对烟粉虱的一种品系（对拟除虫菊酯（溴氰菊酯）和有机磷（丙溴磷）具有抗性）也没有交叉抗性。氟啶虫胺腈与温室白粉虱之间也没有观察到交叉抗性。在测试的三个田间种群中，有一个种群对氟啶虫胺腈的敏感性略有降低，RR 为 4.17。相比之下，同一种群对吡虫啉的 RR 比敏感种群高 23.8 倍以上。
尽管与新烟碱类杀虫剂（烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体）具有相同的靶标位点，但氟啶虫胺腈在烟粉虱和温室白粉虱中现有的新烟碱类抗性案例中基本不受影响。这些粉虱物种的新烟碱类抗药性机制主要基于增强对杀虫剂的解毒作用。这种无交叉抗性表明，氟啶虫胺腈是一种新的有价值的工具，可用于管理已经对现有杀虫剂组产生抗性的刺吸式口器害虫。
