Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, HMC Box 359635, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
Transl Neurodegener. 2012 May 31;1(1):11. doi: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-11.
The second most serious neurodegenerative disease is Parkinson's disease (PD). Over the past several decades, a strong body of evidence suggests that PD can begin years before the hallmark clinical motor symptoms appear. Biomarkers for PD are urgently needed to differentiate between neurodegenerative disorders, screen novel therapeutics, and predict eventual clinical PD before the onset of symptoms. Some clinical evaluations and neuroimaging techniques have been developed in the last several years with some success in this area. Moreover, other strategies have been utilized to identify biochemical and genetic markers associated with PD leading to the examination of PD progression and pathogenesis in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or saliva. Finally, interesting results are surfacing from preliminary studies using known PD-associated genetic mutations to assess potential premotor PD biomarkers. The current review highlights recent advances and underscores areas of potential advancement.
第二种最严重的神经退行性疾病是帕金森病（PD）。在过去的几十年中，大量证据表明，PD 可以在标志性的临床运动症状出现之前数年开始。因此，非常需要 PD 的生物标志物来区分神经退行性疾病，筛选新型治疗药物，并在出现症状之前预测最终的临床 PD。近年来，已经开发出一些临床评估和神经影像学技术，在该领域取得了一定的成功。此外，还利用了其他策略来识别与 PD 相关的生化和遗传标志物，从而检查脑脊液、血液或唾液中的 PD 进展和发病机制。最后，使用已知的 PD 相关遗传突变来评估潜在的前驱期 PD 生物标志物的初步研究也出现了有趣的结果。本综述强调了最近的进展，并强调了潜在的进展领域。
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