Ronchese F, Bovenzi M
Unità Clinico Operativa di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3):352-9.
This paper presents a review of occupational risks and health disorders in professional drivers employed in public and private transport. Epidemiological studies suggest an excess risk for cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders in several categories of professional drivers, such as bus drivers, taxi drivers, truck drivers and forklift truck drivers. Although cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders are of multifactorial origin, some characteristics of occupational exposure in transport drivers (stress, workshift, traffic pollutants, awkward postures, exposure to noise and whole body vibration) may exert at least a concausal role for the onset and the development of these disorders. The predominant role of some confounding factors (inappropriate diet, drinking and smoking habits) makes it more difficult to establish causal associations between professional driving and other adverse health effects (respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary disorders, and neoplastic diseases).
本文综述了公共和私人交通行业职业司机的职业风险和健康问题。流行病学研究表明，几类职业司机，如公交车司机、出租车司机、卡车司机和叉车司机，患心血管疾病和肌肉骨骼疾病的风险较高。尽管心血管和肌肉骨骼疾病是多因素导致的，但运输司机职业暴露的一些特征（压力、轮班、交通污染物、不良姿势、接触噪音和全身振动）可能至少对这些疾病的发生和发展起到协同作用。一些混杂因素（饮食不当、饮酒和吸烟习惯）的主要作用使得更难确定职业驾驶与其他不良健康影响（呼吸系统、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统疾病和肿瘤疾病）之间的因果关系。
