Kou Tai-ji, Yu Wei-wei, Zhu Jian-guo, Zhu Xin-kai
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Aug;33(8):2862-7.
Effects of surface ozone pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and plant growth have drawn great attention. With the support of the free-air ozone concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) system located in Jiangdu City, Jiangsu Province, the effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (pO3) on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and biomass carbon as well as the C/N ratio of crop residue of five wheat (Tritcium aestivum L.) varieties (Yangmai 15, Yangmai 16, Yannong 19, Yangfumai 2 and Jiaxing 002) were investigated in the Yangtze River delta, the target pO3 of which was 50% higher than the ambient pO3. The results showed that the accumulation and distribution of different wheat varieties responded differently to elevated pO3. Elevated pO3 decreased the biomass of Yangmai 15 and Jiaxing 002, increased the Yangfumai 2 biomass, and had no effects on the total biomass of Yangmai 16 and Yannog 19, among which a significant difference was found for Jiaxing 002. Elevated pO3 significantly increased the ratios of root to shoot for Yangmai 15 and Jiaxing 002 and significantly decreased the root/shoot ratios of Yannong 19 and Yangfumai 2, but had no effect on Yangmai 16, leading to an obvious difference in dry matter distributed among aboveground and belowground parts. O3 enrichment decreased the wheatear weight of Yangmai 15, Yangmai 16 and Jiaxing 002, and had no effect on that of Yannong 19 and Yangfumai 2. Elevated pO3 significantly decreased the proportion of grain weight to ear weight by 8.2%-15.5% for Jiaxing 002, Yannong 19 and Yangfumai 2, whereas the proportion was increased for Yangmai 15 and not affected for Yangmai 16, suggesting that O3 enrichment lead to different decreases in the yield of Jiaxing 002, Yannong 19, Yangfumai 2 and Yangmai 16. Elevated pO3 significantly increased the straw carbon of Yannong 19 and Yanfumai 2 by 14.1%-22.9% and significantly decreased the straw C/N ratio by 10.9%-29.1%. The rising pO3 significantly decreased the straw carbon of Jiaxing 002 and significantly increased the straw C/N ratio. Moreover, for Yangmai 16 and Yangmai 15, there was a decreasing straw carbon amount and an increasing straw C/N under rising pO3. Elevated pO3 significantly decreased the carbon quantity and C/N of root residue in Yangmai 16, Yannong 19 and Yangfumai 2. Elevated pO3 had not significant effect on the root residue carbon of Jiaxing 002, but significantly decreased its C/N ratio. However, elevated pO3 had no effect on the quantity and quality of the root residue of Yangmai 15. It is obvious that when evaluating the response of the formation and distribution of wheat dry matter and the quantity and quality of root and straw carbon to O3 pollution, the difference in wheat varieties should be taken into account.
地表臭氧污染对陆地生态系统和植物生长的影响已引起广泛关注。在江苏省江都市的开放式空气臭氧浓度增高（O3-FACE）系统的支持下，研究了长江三角洲地区大气臭氧浓度升高（pO3）对5个小麦（Tritcium aestivum L.）品种（扬麦15、扬麦16、烟农19、扬辐麦2和嘉兴002）干物质和生物量碳的积累与分配以及作物残茬碳氮比的影响，其目标pO3比环境pO3高50%。结果表明，不同小麦品种的积累与分配对升高的pO3反应不同。pO3升高使扬麦15和嘉兴002的生物量降低，扬辐麦2的生物量增加，对扬麦16和烟农19的总生物量无影响，其中嘉兴002差异显著。pO3升高使扬麦15和嘉兴002的根冠比显著增加，烟农19和扬辐麦2的根冠比显著降低，但对扬麦16无影响，导致地上和地下部分干物质分配明显不同。O3浓度升高使扬麦15、扬麦16和嘉兴002的麦穗重量降低，对烟农19和扬辐麦2的麦穗重量无影响。pO3升高使嘉兴002、烟农19和扬辐麦2的粒重占穗重比例显著降低8.2%-15.5%，而扬麦15的该比例增加，扬麦16不受影响，表明O3浓度升高导致嘉兴002、烟农19、扬辐麦2和扬麦16的产量有不同程度下降。pO3升高使烟农19和扬辐麦2的秸秆碳显著增加14.1%-22.9%，秸秆碳氮比显著降低10.9%-29.1%。pO3升高使嘉兴002的秸秆碳显著降低，秸秆碳氮比显著增加。此外，对于扬麦16和扬麦15，pO3升高时秸秆碳量减少，秸秆碳氮比增加。pO3升高使扬麦16、烟农19和扬辐麦2的根残碳量和碳氮比显著降低。pO3升高对嘉兴002的根残碳量无显著影响，但显著降低其碳氮比。然而，pO3升高对扬麦15根残的数量和质量无影响。显然，在评估小麦干物质形成与分配以及根和秸秆碳的数量与质量对O3污染的响应时，应考虑小麦品种的差异。
