CNRS-UMR 7102, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France.
Front Neural Circuits. 2012 Dec 5;6:82. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2012.00082. eCollection 2012.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule crucial for many physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, vasomotricity, and inflammation. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of NO by neurons. In the juvenile and mature hippocampus and neocortex nNOS is primarily expressed by subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons. Over the past two decades, many advances have been achieved in the characterization of neocortical and hippocampal nNOS expressing neurons. In this review, we summarize past and present studies that have characterized the electrophysiological, morphological, molecular, and synaptic properties of these neurons. We also discuss recent studies that have shed light on the developmental origins and specification of GABAergic neurons with specific attention to neocortical and hippocampal nNOS expressing GABAergic neurons. Finally, we summarize the roles of NO and nNOS-expressing inhibitory neurons.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种重要的信号分子，对许多生理过程至关重要，如突触可塑性、血管运动和炎症。神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）是神经元合成 NO 的酶。在幼年和成熟的海马体和新皮层中，nNOS 主要由 GABA 能中间神经元的亚群表达。在过去的二十年中，在描述新皮层和海马体表达 nNOS 的神经元方面取得了许多进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去和现在的研究，这些研究描述了这些神经元的电生理、形态、分子和突触特性。我们还讨论了最近的研究，这些研究揭示了 GABA 能神经元的发育起源和特化，特别关注新皮层和海马体表达 nNOS 的 GABA 能神经元。最后，我们总结了 NO 和表达 nNOS 的抑制性神经元的作用。
