Aortopulmonary fistula caused by an infected thoracic aortic false aneurysm rupturing after endovascular stent placement.

We report a case of 74-year-old man presenting with a rupture of a thoracic aortic false aneurysm after undergoing conventional total arch replacement for aortic arch aneurysm (62 mm) and endovascular stent placement for descending aortic aneurysm (70 mm). His chief complaints at the present admission were fever and sensation of dyspnea and we put him on a course of antibiotics for stent graft infection. However he died of massive hemoptysis. From a standpoint of autopsy findings, a thoracic aortic false aneurysm formed at the just proximal landing zone owing to type Ia endoleak, and simultaneously stent graft infection lead to make fistula formation between the false aneurysm and the lung. We examined ourselves that stent graft infection and aortopulmonary fistula caused by an infected thoracic aortic false aneurysm rupturing into the lung should be promptly treated such as complete removal of the stent and another revascularization in a reasonable period of time except if there are complications such as comorbid1ities or withholding of consent. We experienced and reported one rare case associated with a rupture of thoracic aortic false aneurysm caused by stent graft infection and the fistulization between the lung and the stent graft.