Niehaus M, Marfels B, Bauer J
Universität zu Köln.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2013 Oct;52(5):296-302. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327586. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
In the light of far-reaching demographic and sociopolitical changes, the demand for rehabilitation counseling experts increases. Internationally scientific research has long recognised the importance of professional support for successful vocational rehabilitation of people with illnesses and disabilities. In Germany, however, there has been a lack of systematic research in this field. The present exploratory study aims to fill this gap by investigating the status quo of rehabilitation counselors' vocational fields of activity in Germany.
The study was conducted anonymously as an online-survey. An international questionnaire which covers a wide range of tasks that can play a role in the day-to-day work of rehabilitation counseling experts was used. Within the project it was translated into German and adapted to the German rehabilitation system. 217 rehabilitation counselors completed the survey. Socio-demographic information and information concerning the participant's working biography were evaluated descriptively. To analyze the questionnaire data, principal component analysis was undertaken.
The majority of respondents indicated to be performing tasks from different fields of activity in their daily routine. The essential and main field of activity though appeared to be the individual work with the client. Managerial tasks on an organizational level turned out to be less important. Furthermore, it became clear that the terms the respondents used to name their qualification and their current job title varied in a confusing way. This implicates that it was not always possible to infer from the job title of a person to their actual vocational tasks. Moreover, the participants expressed that they see a need for action concerning their vocational training as well as their professional tasks.
German rehabilitation counseling experts can be characterized as "generalists" who cover different fields of activity in their daily routine. Their main activity is the individual work with the client while managerial tasks play a lesser role yet. A further differentiation of the vocational tasks indicating a higher degree of specialization as it can be found in related American or Australian studies does not emerge. The take-over of managerial tasks on an organizational level is not necessarily associated with the use of the term "management" in a person's job title. These results can be explained partly by the relatively new sociopolitical changes in Germany. These changes include the introduction of a regulation in 2004 (§ 84 Social Code Book), which obliges employers to prevent and manage disability at the company level. Still different studies show various problems concerning the comprehensive implementation of this regulation. The participants see urgent needs for action concerning the clarification of structures and responsibilities in their companies as well as more networking and a better publicity for their profession. With regards to the training, respondents desired more practical exercises and case studies. Further research in this field is needed.
鉴于深远的人口结构和社会政治变革，对康复咨询专家的需求日益增加。长期以来，国际科学研究已经认识到专业支持对于患病和残疾人士成功进行职业康复的重要性。然而，在德国，该领域一直缺乏系统的研究。本探索性研究旨在通过调查德国康复咨询师职业活动领域的现状来填补这一空白。
该研究以在线调查的方式匿名进行。使用了一份国际问卷，该问卷涵盖了一系列在康复咨询专家日常工作中可能发挥作用的任务。在项目中，该问卷被翻译成德语并根据德国康复系统进行了调整。217名康复咨询师完成了调查。对社会人口信息和参与者工作经历的信息进行了描述性评估。为了分析问卷数据，进行了主成分分析。
大多数受访者表示在日常工作中执行来自不同活动领域的任务。然而，其核心和主要活动领域似乎是与客户的个体工作。组织层面的管理任务结果显示不太重要。此外，很明显，受访者用于命名其资格和当前职位的术语变化令人困惑。这意味着并非总能从一个人的职位推断出其实际的职业任务。此外，参与者表示他们认为在职业培训以及专业任务方面需要采取行动。
德国康复咨询专家可被描述为“通才”，他们在日常工作中涵盖不同的活动领域。他们的主要活动是与客户的个体工作，而管理任务的作用较小。在美国或澳大利亚相关研究中可以发现的表明更高专业化程度的职业任务进一步分化并未出现。在组织层面承担管理任务不一定与一个人职位中使用“管理”一词相关联。这些结果部分可以由德国相对较新的社会政治变革来解释。这些变革包括2004年引入的一项法规（《社会法典》第84条），该法规要求雇主在公司层面预防和管理残疾问题。然而，不同的研究表明在全面实施该法规方面存在各种问题。参与者认为在明确公司结构和职责、加强网络联系以及提高职业知名度方面迫切需要采取行动。关于培训，受访者希望有更多的实践练习和案例研究。该领域需要进一步的研究。
